Which is a major determinant of diastolic blood pressure?
vascular resistance
Which best defines systolic blood pressure?
occurs during
... [Show More] ventricular contraction
Which term is determined by stroke volume, speed of ejection, and arterial distensibility?
pulse pressure
Cardiac output is the product of both
stroke volume and heart rate
Which receptor is responsible for innervation of the arterioles?
α-1
Which statement is true about baroreceptors?
an increase in pressure causes an increase in impulse discharge.
What is another name for vasopressin?
antidiuretic hormone
Which term is used to identify hypertension that has a specific disease as its cause?
secondary
Which situation causes an increase in blood pressure?
intracerebral hemorrhage
Which statement is true regarding hypertension during pregnancy?
Cardiac output (CO) is reduced by 40% to 60% during pregnancy.
Which statement is true regarding hypertension?
High blood pressure can be associated with headache and seizures
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) can be indirectly estimated with the use of which blood pressure measurement?
diastolic pressure
Aortic and carotid baroreceptors are activated by ___________, resulting in ___________.
decreased blood pressure; an increase in cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) alters blood pressure in response to
decreased perfusions to the kidney
What stimulates the release of renin? (Select all that apply.)
Renal hypoperfusion
Sympathetic activation
Decreased sodium delivery
What causes vasodilation? (Select all that apply.)
Nitric oxide
Histamine
Kinins
Which is a risk factor associated with hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
Age
African-American race
History of tobacco smoking
Which condition is an endocrine disorder that causes elevated blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)
Cushing disease
Hyperthyroidism
Systemic blood pressure is determined by which factor(s)? (Select all that apply.)
Heart rate (HR)
Stroke volume (SV)
Cardiac output (CO)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure are which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Age
Race
Diet
Weight
High blood pressure can be treated with lifestyle modification related to which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased sodium intake
Relaxation techniques
Weight management
Exercise
Atherosclerosis predisposes to a number of processes that are factors in myocardial ischemia. These processes include
Thrombus formation
Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart contributes to
Ischemic heart disease
What is the marker of choice for detecting a myocardial infarction?
Elevated serum levels of cardiac troponin
In a patient with mitral stenosis, cardiac catheterization findings would indicate increased pressure in the
left atria
Which condition may result in chronic pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and right-sided heart failure?
mitral valve stenosis
The primary cause of sudden cardiac death is usually due to
ventricular dysrhythmia
What factor causes a congenital heart disease to produce cyanosis?
right-to-left shunting of blood
Which clinical manifestation differentiates myocardial infarction (MI) from angina pectoris? (Select all that apply.)
Radiating chest pain
ST-segment changes on the ECG
Elevated serum levels of troponin
The pathologic changes that occur in the development of coronary atherosclerotic lesions include cell damage resulting from which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
The effects of oxidized lipids
An inflammatory response
The formation of plaques
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A ventricular septal defect
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Obstructed right ventricular outflow
An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening
Which medication classification is used to decrease preload in patients with heart failure?
diuretics
A patient with heart failure reports awakening intermittently with shortness of breath. Which terms appropriately describes this clinical manifestation?
paroxysmal nocturnal
Which left atrial pressure readings indicates a risk of increased capillary filtration that results in the clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema?
25 mm hg
A patient has a regular heart rate of 54 beats/min. The nurse would document this rhythm as
bradycardia
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
A common cause of heart failure is which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Coronary artery disease
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
Cough
Dyspnea
Crackles in lungs [Show Less]