Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis, which is both a form of treatment and a very comprehensive personality theory. According to Freud's theory,
... [Show More] inborn drives (mainly sexual) help form the personality. ________ and ________, who originally worked with Freud, created individual psychology and analytic psychology, respectively.
a. Carl Jung; Alfred Adler
b. Alfred Adler; Carl Jung
c. Josef Breuer; A. A. Brill
d. Alfred Adler; Rollo May - Answer- b. Alfred Adler; Carl Jung
Eric Berne's transactional analysis (TA) posits three ego states: the Child, the Adult, and the Parent. These roughly correspond to Freud's structural theory that includes
a. oral, anal, and phallic.
b. unconscious, preconscious, and conscious.
c. a and b.
d. id, ego, and superego. - Answer- d. id, ego, and superego.
In transactional analysis (TA), the ________ is the conscience, or ego state concerned with moral behavior, while in Freudian theory it is the ________.
a. Adult, unconscious
b. Parent, ego
c. Parent, superego
d. Parent, id - Answer- c. Parent, superego
Freud felt that successful resolution of the Oedipus complex led to the development of the superego. This is accomplished by
a. identification with the aggressor, the parent of the same sex.
b. analysis during the childhood years.
c. identification with the parent of the opposite sex, the aggressor.
d. transference. - Answer- a. identification with the aggressor, the parent of the same sex.
Freudians refer to the ego as:
a. the executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle.
b. the guardian angel of the mind.
c. the pleasure principle.
d. the seat of libido. - Answer- a. the executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle.
Freud's theory speaks of Eros and Thanatos. A client who threatens a self-destructive act is being ruled primarily by
a. Eros.
b. Eros and the id.
c. Thanatos.
d. both Eros and Thanatos. - Answer- c. Thanatos.
The id is present at birth and never matures. It operates mainly out of awareness to satisfy instinctual needs according to the:
a. reality principle.
b. notion of transference.
c. Eros principle.
d. pleasure principle, suggesting humans desire instinct gratification such for libido, sex, or the elimination of hunger or thirst. - Answer- d. pleasure principle, suggesting humans desire instinct gratification such for libido, sex, or the elimination of hunger or thirst.
If you think of the mind as a seesaw, then the fulcrum or balancing apparatus would be the:
a. id, which has no concept of rationality or time.
b. ego.
c. superego, which judges behavior as right or wrong.
d. BASIC-ID. - Answer- b. ego.
A therapist who says to a patient "Say whatever comes to mind" is practicing:
a. directive counseling.
b. transactional analysis.
c. paraphrasing.
d. free association - Answer- d. free association
The superego contains the ego ideal. The superego strives for ________, rather than ________ like the id.
a. perfection; pleasure
b. pleasure; perfection
c. morals; ethics
d. logic; reality - Answer- a. perfection; pleasure
ll of these theorists could be associated with the analytic movement except:
a. Freud.
b. Jung.
c. Adler.
d. Wolpe. - Answer- d. Wolpe.
Most scholars would assert that Freud's 1900 work entitled The Interpretation of Dreams was his most influential. Dreams have
a. manifest and latent content.
b. preconscious and unconscious factors.
c. id and ego.
d. superego and id. - Answer- a. manifest and latent content.
When a client projects unconscious feelings toward the therapist that he or she originally had toward a significant other, it is called
a. free association.
b. insight.
c. transference.
d. resistance. - Answer- c. transference.
Which case is not associated with the psychodynamic movement?
a. Little Hans.
b. Little Albert.
c. Anna O.
d. Daniel Paul Schreber. - Answer- b. Little Albert.
In contrast with classical psychoanalysis, psychodynamic counseling or therapy:
a. utilizes fewer sessions per week.
b. does not utilize the couch.
c. is performed face to face.
d. all of the above. - Answer- d. all of the above.
Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions and feelings is a curative process known as:
a. catharsis and/or abreaction.
b. resistance.
c. accurate empathy.
d. reflection of emotional content. - Answer- a. catharsis and/or abreaction.
Id, ego, superego is to structural theory as ________ is to topographical theory.
a. Child, Adult, Parent
b. abreaction, catharsis, introspection
c. ego ideal
d. unconscious, preconscious, conscious - Answer- d. unconscious, preconscious, conscious
The most controversial aspect of Freud's theory is
a. catharsis.
b. the Oedipus complex.
c. the notion of the preconscious mind.
d. the interpretation of dreams. - Answer- b. the Oedipus complex.
Evidence for the unconscious mind comes from all of these except:
a. Hypnosis.
b. Slips of the tongue and humor.
c. Dreams.
d. Subjective units of distress scale. - Answer- d. Subjective units of distress scale.
In a counseling session, a counselor asked a patient to recall what transpired three months ago to trigger her depression. There was silence for about two and one-half minutes. The client then began to remember. This exchange most likely illustrates the function of the
a. preconscious mind.
b. ego ideal.
c. conscious mind.
d. unconscious mind. - Answer- a. preconscious mind.
Unconscious processes, which serve to minimize anxiety and protect the self from severe id or superego demands, are called
a. slips of the tongue.
b. ego defense mechanisms.
c. id defense processes.
d. latent dream material. - Answer- b. ego defense mechanisms.
Most therapists agree that ego defense mechanisms are unconscious and deny or distort reality. Rationalization, compensation, repression, projection, reaction formation, identification, introjection, denial, and displacement are ego defense mechanisms. According to Freudians, the most important defense mechanism is:
a. repression.
b. reaction formation
c. denial.
d. sublimation - Answer- a. repression.
Suppression differs from repression in that:
a. suppression is stronger.
b. repression only occurs in children.
c. repression is automatic or involuntary.
d. all of the above. - Answer- c. repression is automatic or involuntary.
An aggressive person who becomes a professional boxer because he or she is sadistic is displaying:
a. suppression.
b. rationalization.
c. sublimation.
d. displacement. - Answer- c. sublimation.
An advertising agency secretly imbeds the word SEX into newspaper ads intended to advertise the center's chemical dependency program. This is the practice of:
a. sublimation.
b. repression.
c. introjection.
d. none of the above. - Answer- d. none of the above.
A man receives a nickel an hour pay raise. He was expecting a 1 dollar per hour raise. He is furious but nonassertive. He thus smiles and thanks his boss. That night he yells at his wife for no apparent reason. This is an example of:
a. displacement.
b. denial.
c. identification.
d. a Type II error. - Answer- a. displacement.
A student tells a college counselor that he is not upset by a grade of "F" in physical education that marred his fourth-year perfect 4.0 average, inasmuch as "straight A students are eggheads." This demonstrates:
a. introjection.
b. reaction formation.
c. sour grapes rationalization.
d. sweet lemon rationalization. - Answer- c. sour grapes rationalization.
A master's level counselor lands an entry-level counseling job in an agency in a warm climate. Her office is not air conditioned, but the counselor insists she likes this because sweating really helps to keep her weight in check. This illuminates:
a. sour grapes rationalization.
b. sweet lemon rationalization.
c. repression.
d. sublimation. - Answer- b. sweet lemon rationalization.
A teenager who had his heart set on winning a tennis match broke his arm in an auto accident. He sends in an entry form to play in the competition which begins just days after the accident. His behavior is influenced by:
a. denial.
b. displacement of anger.
c. sublimation.
d. organ inferiority. - Answer- a. denial.
________ is like looking in a mirror but thinking you are looking out a window.
a. Repression
b. Sour grapes rationalization
c. Projection
d. Denial - Answer- c. Projection
Mark is obsessed with stamping out pornography. He is unconsciously involved in this cause so that he can view the material. This is:
a. reaction formation.
b. introjection.
c. projection.
d. rationalization. - Answer- a. reaction formation.
Ted has always felt inferior intellectually. He currently works out at the gym at least four hours daily and is taking massive doses of dangerous steroids to build his muscles. The ego defense mechanism in action here is:
a. reaction formation.
b. compensation.
c. projection.
d. rationalization. - Answer- b. compensation.
Jane feels very inferior. She is now president of the board at a shelter for the homeless. She seems to be obsessed with her work for the agency and spends every spare minute trying to help the cause. When asked to introduce herself in virtually any social situation, Jane invariably responds with, "I'm the president of the board for the homeless shelter." Jane is engaging in:
a. projection.
b. displacement.
c. introjection.
d. identification. - Answer- d. identification.
A client who has incorporated his father's values into his thought patterns is a product of:
a. introjection.
b. repression.
c. rationalization.
d. displacement. - Answer- a. introjection.
The client's tendency to inhibit or fight against the therapeutic process is known as:
a. resistance.
b. sublimation.
c. projection.
d. individuation. - Answer- a. resistance.
Freud has been called the most significant theorist in the entire history of psychology. His greatest contribution was his conceptualization of the unconscious mind. Critics, however, contend that:
a. he was too concerned with the totem and the taboo.
b. he failed to emphasize sex.
c. many aspects of his theory are difficult to test from a scientific standpoint.
d. he was pro female. - Answer- c. many aspects of his theory are difficult to test from a scientific standpoint.
The purpose of interpretation in counseling is to:
a. help the therapist appear genuine.
b. make the clients aware of their unconscious processes.
c. make clients aware of nonverbal behaviors.
d. help clients understand feelings and behaviors related to childhood. - Answer- b. make the clients aware of their unconscious processes.
Organ inferiority relates mainly to the work of:
a. C. G. Jung's analytical psychology.
b. Alfred Adler's individual psychology.
c. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
d. Josef Breuer's work on hysteria. - Answer- b. Alfred Adler's individual psychology.
When a client becomes aware of a factor in his or her life that was heretofore unknown, counselors refer to it as
a. individual psychology.
b. confrontation.
c. transference neurosis.
d. insight. - Answer- d. insight.
C. G. Jung, the founder of analytic psychology, said men operate on logic or the ________ principle, while women are intuitive, operating on the ________ principle.
a. Eros; Thanatos
b. Logos; Eros
c. reality; pleasure
d. transference; countertransference - Answer- b. Logos; Eros
Jung used drawings balanced around a center point to analyze himself, his clients, and dreams. He called them
a. mandalas.
b. projective drawings.
c. unconscious automatic writing.
d. eidetic imagery. - Answer- a. mandalas.
________ emphasized the drive for superiority. [Show Less]