b. vocational guidance counseling
in the early 1920s, the counseling profession consisted primarily of
a. mental health counseling
b. vocational
... [Show More] guidance counseling
c. school counseling
d. all of the above
b. the background of patterns, languages, psychological factors, and biological factors of a person
culture is understood to be
a. the same as race
b. the background of patterns, languages, psychological factors, and biological factors of a person
c. an irrelevant factor in diagnosis
d. factors that pertain to the here and now; historical contexts are not as salient
c. a discontinuous, active theory
Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory is an example of
a. a continuous, active theory
b. a continuous, reactive theory
c. a discontinuous, active theory
d. a discontinuous, active theory
c. Frank Parsons
__________ is considered the father of career guidance and the counseling profession
a. George Merril
b. Edmund Williamson
c. Frank Parsons
d. John Crites
a. noncompliance
which of the following models of resistance is behavioral?
a. noncompliance
b. negative social influence
c. power struggle
d. anxiety control
a. resistant group members
institutional barriers to group work may include all the EXCEPT:
a. resistant group members
b. the need to obtain parental consent
c. belief by staff members that group work is not as effective as other activities
d. the lack of appropriate facilities
c. founding of the first psychological laboratories to conduct experimental research
William Wundt is known for
a. developing the form board, which is considered a predecessor to performance IQ testing
b. being the first to apply statistical concepts to psychological assessment
c. founding of the first psychological laboratories to conduct experimental research
d. his work on the forgetting curve
d. independent
a construct, such as a treatment group, that can be manipulated in a study is most often referred to as a(n) ___________ variable.
a. outcome
b. categorical
c. criterion
d. independent
c. mandatory ethics
ethical principles that counselors are required to follow are called
a. aspirational ethics
b. obligatory ethics
c. mandatory ethics
d. compulsory ethics
a. an etic perspective
the tripartite model of multicultural counseling competencies includes each of the following EXCEPT:
a. an etic perspective
b. awareness
c. knowledge
d. skills
a. cross-sectional
for a researcher who has limited time and low budget, the __________ research design might be most appropriate
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. time-lag
d. naturalistic
b. enforcing workplace safety and health standards
the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was NOT responsible for
a. establishing a national minimum wage
b. enforcing workplace safety and health standards
c. providing minimum standards for overtime entitlement
d. prohibiting the employment of minors
c. triadic-dependent
a professional counselor consults with an experienced colleague about problems she has encountered while working with a particular client. She is completely reliant on her colleague's expertise to help her move forward with her client. Which consultation model does this represent?
a. collaborative-dependent
b. collaborative-independent
c. triadic-dependent
d. trident-independent
a. the ethical requirement of group leaders but not group members
in group work, confidentiality is
a. the ethical requirement of group leaders but not group members
b. the ethical requirement of group member but not group leader
c. the ethical requirement of both group leaders and group members
d. not an ethical requirement for anyone involved in the process
d. nonstandardized test
A(n) ____________ does not compare an individual score to a norm group but relies on the judgment of the professional counselor to interpret data
a. standardized test
b. norm-referenced test
c. ipsative assessment
d. nonsatndardized test
b. post-positivism
"whereas 1 million white swans can indicate that all swans are white, one brown swan can falsify it." That is, we can only approximate truth. This description refers to the _____________ paradigm.
a. positivism
b. post-positivism
c. social constructivism
d. critical theory
b. involuntary
accreditation is NOT
a. voluntary
b. involuntary
c. a way for educational institutions to demonstrate their quality to the public
d. an accountability measure for schools
b. colorism
judging someones worth by how closely he or she resembles European Americans is termed
a. racism
b. colorism
c. eugenics
d. Jensenism
b. limbic system
what part of the brain regulates emotions and motivation?
a. tempera lobe
b. limbic system
c. reticular activating system
d. cerebellum
b. professional counselor
_____________ is an example of an occupation
a. addictions counselor level II
b. professional counselor
c. assistant director of career counseling
d. residential treatment counselor
b. reflecting
observing clients' verbal and nonverbal communication and verbally conveying empathy and understanding of clients' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all important elements of
a. paraphrasing
b. reflecting
c. confronting
d. interpreting
a. overt
group members' personal goals are generally
a. overt
b. hidden from the group
c. agreed on by the entire group
d. none of the above
d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA)
under the _______________ a 3-year-old child who is suspected of having a disability is guaranteed to receive testing at the expense of the public school system
a. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)
b. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
c. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA)
c. researchers compared students' scores under Curriculum A with matched comparison group and found better achievement for Curriculum A
which of the following most represents a quasi-experimental design?
a. researchers compared the treatment group of low-fact meals with a randomized control group and found faster mental processing in the low-fat group
b. researchers found that teachers at Henderson High favored the concept of year-round schooling
c. researchers compared students' scores under Curriculum A with matched comparison group and found better achievement for Curriculum A
d. researchers found that clients' stories reflected strong motivation for change
b. consistancy
_______________ is NOT one of the five part principal ethics of the counseling profession
a. nonmaleficence
b. consistancy
c. justice
d. autonomy
c. sex roles; gender roles
_________________ is (are) based on biology, and ___________________ include(s) social expectations of behavior
a. gender roles; sex roles
b. gender identity; sexual identity
c. sex roles; gender roles
d. sexual identity; gender identity
a. Ivan Pavlov
classical conditioning was developed by
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. Albert Bandura
c. John B. Watson
d. Joseph Wolpe
d. all of the above
individuals who demonstrate high career adaptability demonstrate
a. concern for their future work life
b. confidence to pursue career goals
c. curiosity for exploring career possibilities
d. all of the above
d. subconscious mind
Freud contended that each individual possesses all of the following types of consciousness EXCEPT:
a. preconscious mind
b. conscious mind
c. unconscious mind
d. subconscious mind
a. psychotherapy
a _________________ group is primarily remedial
a. psychotherapy
b. counseling
c. psychoeducational
d. task
b. "Mental Measurements Yearbook"
If a professional counselor would like to read critical test reviews of the Beck Depression Inventory, the counselor would be most interested in the publication known as
a. "Tests"
b. Mental Measurements Yearbook"
c. "Tests in Print"
d. "Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing"
b. have the intervention be distinctive from what is naturally occurring for the subject
In a single subject design, it is most important to
a. have unequal time intervals between collections of baseline data
b. have the intervention be distinctive from what is naturally occurring for the subject
c. randomly assign subjects to interventions
d. all of the above
c. ask the client for permission to contact the other professional to establish a collaborative relationship
A client tells her counselor that she is currently receiving counseling services from another mental health professional. according to the ACA's ethical code, the counselor should
a. Terminate the counseling relationship with the client
b. Ask the client to choose and continue seeing only one counselor
c. Ask the client for permission to contact the other professional to establish a collaborative relationship
d. All of the above
b. Spiritually; religion
_______________ is associated with meaningful experiences linked to a relationship to a divine entity, nature or the universe, whereas _______________ is more ritualistic and organized
a. religion; spirituality
b. spirituality; religion
c. Buddhism; Confucianism
d. Christianity; Taoism
d. learning occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with a conditioned conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
operant conditioning Is based on the belief that
a. true learning does not require external reinforcement
b. learning depends on which behaviors are reinforced
c. learning occurs through observation
d. learning occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with a conditioned conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
b. how long an individual will remain with company
according to the theory of work adjustment, tenure refers to
a. an individuals ability to tolerate problematic and dissatisfying aspects of the job
b. how long an individual will remain with company
c. how long an individual will endure unfavorable work conditions before changing jobs
d. the degree to which the individual and work environment continue to meet each other's needs
b. social interest
at the core of individual psychology is the concept of
a. self-actualization
b. social interest
c. unconscious impulses
d. individuation
d. laissez-faire leadership style
according to Kurt Lewin, Theory Z refers to a(n)
a. democratic leadership style
b. authoritarian leadership style
c. autocratic leadership style
d. laissez-faire leadership style
d. speed tests yield spuriously high reliability coefficients
which of the following is true regarding reliability?
a. shorter tests are more reliable than longer tests
b. high reliability estimates are reported when test items vary greatly in content
c. the closer a reliability coefficient is to 0, the more reliable the instrument
d. speed tests yield spuriously high reliability coefficients
c. cluster sampling
______________ is a sampling technique that involves identifying convenient, existing subgroups and then randomly selecting subgroups
a. systematic sampling
b. stratified random sampling
c. cluster sampling
d. quota sampling
a. stop providing counseling services if his or her emotions are likely to interfere with the ability to work with and help clients
a counselor who is going through a divorce is ethically expected to
a. stop providing counseling services if his or her emotions are likely to interfere with the ability to work with and help clients
b. stop providing counseling services until the situation has been resolved
c. seek supervision while working through this difficult time
d. continue providing counseling services so that clients do not feel abandoned
b. resilience
being able to revert to previous levels of functioning is termed
a. motivation
b. resilience
c. harmony
d. participation [Show Less]