______________is considered to be the "father of vocational guidance."
а. Frank Parsons
b. Donald Super
с. E. G. Williamson
d. Jesse B.
... [Show More] Davis
a
Incorporating the culture of the client into the session would suggest that the counselor is
a. using the assimilation model.
b. operating from an etic perspective.
c. operating from an emic perspective.
d. color blind
c
Learning theories of human development are generally considered to be
a. inactive theories.
b. reactive theories.
c. proactive theories.
d. active theories.
b
____________ transformed America's agriculturally based economy into a manufacturing economy and initiated the U.S. career- guidance movement.
a. World War II
b. The Industrial Revolution
c. The Great Depression
d. World War I
b
Resistance is displayed by
a. very few clients.
b. approximately 10% of clients.
c. approximately 50% of clients.
d. almost all clients at some point during the counseling process.
d
Psychodrama was invented by
a. Fritz Perls.
b. J.L.Moreno.
c. Wilfred Bion.
d. Kurt Lewin.
b
___________ developed the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale. This scale was later revised by ____________ who renamed the scale the Stanford-Binet intelligence test.
a. Alfred Binet; Theophile Simon
b. Alfred Binet; Lewis Terman
c. Theophile Simon; Lewis Terman
d. Theophile Simon; Alfred Binet
b
A professional counselor wondered how the general trait of happiness was related to intelligence. Young adults' intelligence was measured using a traditional IQ scale; their level of happiness was also measured on a self-report scale ranging from 1 to 20. The researcher found no link between the results of the two measures. What research design has just been described?
a. Causal-comparative
b. Descriptive
c. Correlational
d. Regression
C
HIPAA is to medical records as FERPA is to
a. educational records.
b. counseling records.
c. legal records.
d. None of the above
a
____________promotes a current status quo related to social class. An example of this would be being grandfathered into an organization.
a. Internalized classism
b. Modern classism
с. Structural classism
d. Socioeconomic status
c
А _____________ research design allows for comprehensive analysis and observation but probably lacks generalizability.
a. survey
b. cross-sectional
с. correlational
d. case study
d
____________developed the Career Maturity Inventory and endorsed comprehensive career counseling.
a. Mark Savickas
b. Donald Super
c. John Krumboltz
d. John Crites
d
The crisis intervention approach known as psychological first aid is useful for helping individuals who have experienced
a. a terrorist attack.
b. a natural disaster.
с. a traumatic event.
d. All of the above.
d
Confidentiality in group work is
a. guaranteed.
b. required.
c.unnecessary.
d. strived for.
d
Who developed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), an objective measure of personality structure?
a. Carl Jung and Henry Murray
b. Starke Hathaway and Charnley McKinley
c. Henry Murray and Starke Hathaway
d. Frank Parsons and Carl Jung
b
A(n) ____________ variable results when an extraneous variable is allowed to change with the independent variable.
а. constant
b. dependent
c. confounding
d. outcome
c
Personal notes kept on students by counselors in a school setting
a. always become part of students' educational records.
b. never become part of students' educational records because they are considered an expansion of the counselor's memory
с. do not become part of students' educational records if they are kept separate from the educational records in a locked, secure place.
d.sometimes become part of students' educational records, depending on the school principal's policies.
c
All of the following are components of sexual identity EXCEPT:
a. biological makeup.
b. sexual orientation.
c. gender roles.
d. cognitions.
d
c. Tay-Sachs disease ______________ is characterized by the body's incapacity to metabolize fatty substances.
a. Phenylketonuria
b. Klinefelter's syndrome
c. Tay-Sachs disease
d. Sickle cell anemia
c
Which of the following personality factors is NOT associated with the experience of occupational stress and burnout?
a. Internal locus of control
b. Low self-esteem
c. Type A personality
d. Neuroticism
a
It may be appropriate for counselors to use self-disclosure when
a. they have gone through an experience that is similar to the client's current situation.
b. they feel a strong connection with the client.
c. they think their experience might benefit the client by providing the client with a new outlook or perspective.
d. All of the above.
c
_______________ is NOT classified as a curative factor in groups.
a. Universality
b. Confidentiality
c. Instillation of hope
d. Imitative behavior
b
According to the Rights and Responsibilities of Test Takers, which of the following is NOT a test-taker responsibility?
a. Being familiar with the use of test results
b. Following the test instructions
c. Asking questions related to test administration
d. None of the above.
a
a. Systematic ___________ sampling refers to selecting every nth element of a population.
a. Systematic
b. Quota
c. Stratified
d. Nonprobability
a
If a child discloses to a counselor that he or she is being physically abused, the counselor is
a. legally but not ethically required to file a report with child protective services.
b. ethically but not legally required to file a report with child protective services.
c. legally and ethically required to file a report with child protec- tive services.
d. neither legally nor ethically required to file a report with child protective services.
c
The faith whose core precept is that of karma and who believes in Brahman as the creator of Earth is
a. Hinduism.
b. Judaism.
c. Taoism.
d. Buddhism.
a
_______________, developed by Joseph Wolpe, is very effective for treating phobias.
a. Flooding
b. Counterconditioning
c. Systematic desensitization
d. Firing sequence
c
Career is referred to as
a. the primary activity that engages one's time.
b. the activities that serve as one's regular source of livelihood
с. the lifetime pursuits of individual.
d. activities that a person does for fun.
c
The _____________ operates according to the pleasure principle.
a. anima
b. id
c. superego
d. ego
b
______________ groups can be preventative, growth-oriented, or remedial.
a. Counseling and task
b. Task and psychotherapy
c. Counseling and psychoeducational
d. Counseling and psychotherapy
c
As a school counselor you must provide students with testing information that is in their primary language. Which court case mandated this requirement?
a. Bakke v. California (1978)
b. Larry P. v. Riles (1984)
c. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
d. Sharif v. New York State Educational Department (1989)
d
An instructor creates an exam with too many easy questions. A graph of the distribution would indicate a curve that was
a. positively skewed.
b. negatively skewed.
с. normal.
d. a scattergram.
b
The organization responsible for the accreditation of counseling programs in the United States is the
a. Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.
b. American Counseling Association.
c. American Psychological Association.
d. Association for Counseling Program Accreditation.
a
________________refers to devaluing cultural artifacts such as art, media, or religion if they do not equate to White-held values.
a. Cultural racism
b. Discrimination
c. Internalized racism
d. Prejudice
a
The reinforcement schedule most resistant to extinction is
a. fixed ratio.
b. fixed interval.
c. variable ratio.
d. variable interval.
c
Which Holland code is most consistent?
a. ERS
b. CAS
c. ARI
d. IAS
d
According to Adler's theory of birth order, _____________ generally receive the same amount of attention as firstborns.
a. second children
b. middle children
c. youngest children
d. None of the above.
c
_____________ groups usually have formal member roles.
a. Psychoeducational
b. Counseling
c. Psychotherapy
d. Task
d
To establish content validity
a. a test must look valid.
b. test items must reflect all major content areas covered by the domain.
c.a test must predict future performance.
d. factor analysis must show that the instrument's subscales are statistically related to each other.
b
A(n) __________ is an analysis technique that compares two means for one group based on pretest and posttest data.
a. independent t-test
b. dependent t-test
c. logistic regression design
d. ANCOVA
b
A counselor who gains and preserves a client's trust is upholding the ethical principle of
a. dependability.
b. altruism.
c. fidelity.
d. loyalty.
c
Racism occurs at three levels, including all of the following EXCEPT:
a. institutional.
b. contextual.
c. individual.
d. cultural.
b
____________ is NOT one of the four components of effective modeling.
a. Retention
b. Attention
c. Motivation
d. Shaping
d
For an ESFP, which letter indicates an auxiliary function
a. E
b. S
с. F
d. P
b
The _____________ is an archetype in Jungian analytic psychology that represents the female traits that exist in the collective unconscious of males.
a. shadow
b. persona
c. anima
d. animus
c
Norms are established in groups as means to
a. bring group members into the here and now.
b. accomplish an executive function.
c. build a group culture.
d. All of the above.
c
Which of the folowing is NOT a characteristic of test-retest reliablility?
a. Test-retest reliability determines the relationship between the scores obtained from two different administrations of tge same test
b. Test-retest reliabilit is subject to participant memory and oractive effects
c. Test-retest reliability is used to calculate the degree of consistency of ratings between two or more persons observing the same behavior or assessing an individual through observa- tional interview methods. d. Test-retest reliability is most effective when the instrument assesses stable characteristics
c
In a smooth yet skewed distribution, the most representative measure of central tendency is the
а. mean.
b. median.
с. mode.
d. semi-interquartile range.
b
While working with a client, the counselor meets a relative of the client whom she becomes interested in romantically. The ACA Code of Ethics states that counselors in this situation
a. are prohibited from proceeding with the relationship until 5 years after the counseling relationship with the client has ended.
b. are free to pursue the relationship because it does not involve the client.
с. are free to pursue the relationship once the counseling rela- tionship with the client has been terminated.
d. must never pursue the relationship, even after the counseling relationship with the client has ended.
a
Microaggression is
a. against individuals of color and women.
b. the belief that aggression is beneficial to some relationships.
c. aggression through assertiveness.
d. a phenomenon that occurred often during the 1950s but is not present anymore.
a
The ability to order and classify new information is called
a. adaptation.
b. accommodation.
c. organization.
d. assimilation.
c
A young adult in Ginzberg's realistic stage
a. considers the availability, demand, and benefits of certain careers.
b. is able to assess and consider his or her capabilities in relation to career aspirations. c. engages in career exploration to narrow down his or her career choices.
d. bases career decisions on likes and dislikes.
c
Stress inoculation training, a cognitive-behavioral technique, was developed by
a. Ellis.
b. Beck.
c. Meichenbaum.
d. Glasser.
c
A group leader assists group members in setting group goals and facilitating group discussions. Members are encouraged to share responsibility for the outcomes of the group with the leader. Which leadership style is this leader using?
a. Democratic
b. Authoritarian
c. Laissez-faire
d. Autocratic
a
When the reliability coefficient is found to be 1.0, what can be said about an individual's observed score and true score?
a. The observed score is higher than the true score.
b. The true score is higher than the observed score.
c. The true score and observed score are equal
d. The error during test administration was high
c
Amber wants to understand what factors promote school counselor retention and decides to develop close relationships with the school counselors in her study. Which strategy for trustworthiness is she using?
a. Triangulation
b. Prolonged engagement
c. Thick description
d. Referential adequacy
b
Before starting a counseling group, counselors must do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. screen potential members.
b. inform potential members that confidentiality is guaranteed.
c. only invite individuals to join who will likely benefit from the qgroup.
d. not invite any individual to join the group who may be harmed ovaby the experience.
b
Traditional mental health practices
a. value individual responsibility and autonomy.
b. view the problem as residing primarily in the environment.
c. overemphasize the exploration of therapist values and beliefs.
d. mesh well with the more collectivistic orientation of ethnic minorities.
a
____________ is NOT a theory of forgetting.
a. Storage failure theory
b. Decay of memory theory
c. Interference theory
d. Retrieval theory
a
People who demonstrate career maturity
a. have a highly differentiated Holland code.
b. have a willingness and ability to deal with career transitions.
c. have the ability to use the knowledge gained from career exploration activities to make career plans.
d. All of the above.
c
"I should never have shared my sales idea at today's department meeting at work. I just know that my boss thought my suggestion was ridiculous." This is an example of what type of distorted thinking?
а. Mind reading
b. Fortune telling
с. Minimization
d. Labeling
a
_______________ is commonly used by group leaders to encourage quiet members to participate.
a. Linking
b. Questioning
c. Drawing out
d. Initiating
c
A(n) ____________ scale has equivalent units of measurement but does not have an absolute zero point
а. nominal
b. ratio
с. ordinal
d. interval
d
If a professional counselor was interested in trainees' multicultural competency, a sample consisting of members from the American Counseling Association might involve a ____________ threat.
a. selection
b. statistical regression
c. Maturation
d. History
a
A new counselor is offered a job as a counseling supervisor. The counselor does not have any experience or training in supervision, but she does have a solid experiences as a counselor. Ethically, the counselor should
a. accept the job; her educational background will support her in this new role.
b. accept the job; the company would not have hired her if it did not think she was qualified.
c. not accept the job; she does not have the requisite qualifications or professional experience.
d. consult with trusted family and friends about the situation.
c
Worldview can be defined broadly as
a. how an individual understands his or her race.
b. how a person perceives his or her relationship to nature, institutions, people, and the experiential world.
c. one's degree of comfort in an unfamiliar cultural environment.
d. one's values as shaped solely by religion.
b
A woman is upset after losing her job, but she is not surprised. She says that she has failed at every job that she has ever had because she is dumb and there is nothing she can do about it. Her attribution is
a. stable, external, and uncontrollable.
b. unstable, internal, and controllable.
c. stable, internal, and uncontrollable.
d. unstable, external, and controllable.
c
___________ is NOT one of Krumboltz's four career determinants.
a. Genetic endowment
b. Task approach skills
c. Planned happenstance
d. Environmental conditions
c
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about reality therapy?
a. Reality therapists should penalize clients for not following through on their plans.
b. Reality therapists use the WBET system.
c. Determinism is emphasized.
d. Clients are not allowed to make excuses for themselves.
d
A major challenge with self-disclosure in groups is that members often
a. share too much.
b. share too little.
с. do not know how much to share.
d. None of the above.
c
The ____________ scale measures multiple dimensions of an attitude by employing a paired comparison method.
a. Guttman
b. semantic differential
c. Likert
d. Thurstone
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