5 influential career theories of today
1) Donald Super
2) John Holland
3) Linda Gottfredson
4) John Krumboltz
5) Mark Savickas
Actuarial
... [Show More] theory
Structure of individual - needs, traits, interests - examples: trait-factor and needs based
Developmental career theory
career development as occurring over time, usually through stages - example: self-concept and need
Donald Super
Developmental approach to career - labeled himself as differential developmental social phenomenological psychologist -
Developmental approach to careers
Donald Super - characterized as life span, life space
Early Super
1940s - 1960s - included vocational development stages and vocational development tasks
Vocational development stages
a. growth (birth to 14-15)
b. exploratory (15-24)
c. establishment (25-44)
d. maintenance (45-64)
e. decline (65+) later changed to decline to disengagement
Vocational development tasks
a. crystallization (ages 14-18)
b. specification (18-21)
c. Implementation (21-24)
d. stabilization (24-35
e. consolidation (35+)
Career maturity
later renamed it career adaptability
Later Super - 1970s
Super viewed career development as more holistic
9 major roles we play in life
child, student, citizen, spouse, homemaker, parent, worker, leisurite and pensioner
4 theaters where roles are played out
home, community, school, and workplace
Archway Model
Super developed - many determinants that comprise one's self-concept
Pillars of Archway model
1) one pillar represents factors and variables within the individual that influence career development such as needs, aptitudes, interests and achievements
2) Other pillar includes external factors such as family, community, and labor market.
Top of each arch
between 2 pillars is the self of the individual
Career Pattern Study
Super is responsible - examined vocational behavior of 9th graders all the way into their 30s.
John Holland
acturial or structural in approach (RIASEC)
R - Realistic
I - Investigative
A - Artistic
S - Social
E - Enterprising
C - Conventional
Every person ha all six types in varying amounts
Vocational Preference Inventory & Self-Directed Search
John Holland
RIASEC Theory
John Holland - hexagon to explain
Linda Gottfredson
1980s - Circumscription (narrow down selection) and Compromise (opt out of unavailable or inappropriate occupations)
4 stages - individual development
1) Orientation to size and power (3-5)
2) Orientation to sex roles (6-8)
3) Orientation to social valuation (9-13)
4) Orientation to internal unique self (14+)
John Krumboltz
LTCC - Learning theory of career Counseling - he used Bandura's social learning theory to identify the principal concepts.
Zone of acceptable alternatives
occupations within range are consistent with the individuals self concept
LTCC - Career Development and decision making involve
1) Genetic endowments and special abilities
2) environmental conditions and events
3) Instrumental and associative learning experience
4) Task approach skills
The Career Beliefs Inventory
Krumboltz - used to identify clients' mental barriers.
Unplanned Happenstance
Krumboltz - Unplanned and chance events that might influence individuals' career development
Ginzberg, ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma
1951 - believed occupational choice progresed through 3 periods
1) fantasy (birth-11)
2) tentative (11-17)
3) realistic (17+)
Ann roe
Needs Approach - believed genetic factors, environmental experiences and parent-child relations influenced the needs structure each child developed
Needs
roe believed that careers were chosen to meet _____. [Show Less]