Function of fluids
Provide shape and rigidity to cells, regulate body temp, lubrication, solvent, homeostasis
More function of fluids
Cushion
... [Show More] body tissues, transports nutrients and waste, source of trace mineral, chemical reactions
hypothalamus
Controls thirst
Thirst triggers
Sodium and solute levels increase in blood
Sources of fluid intake
solid food and fluids, even coffee and energy drinks, though they are not necessarily healthy. Still of form of fluid intake.
6 classes of nutrients
carbs, proteins, fat/lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Tolerable upper intake level
the highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans; ensures people do not take harmful amounts (usually d/t supplements)
My plate
half fruit and veggies (more veggies); half protein and grains (more grains); dairy on the side
sources of up-to-date nutrtion
CDC, National institute of health
Social triggers for eating
learned and environmental e.g social gatherings
how pepsin is activated
pepsinogen secreted by stomach mucosa, activated by HCl in stomach
Pancreatic proteases
Active in small intestine. Amino acid absorption and final breakdown into smallest components.
2 trigger foods for GERD
coffee and tomato
typical manifestation of GERD
chest or back pain when lying down after meal
Safe food for celiac disease
Rice; no wheat, rye, or barley.
Macronutrients
Carbs, fats, proteins
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
Starch
2 or more glucose monomers chained together in plants
Glycogen
2 or more glucose monomers chained together in animals
Glucagon
hormone secreted by pancreas that causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose when blood glucose falls too low.
sucrose
glucose + fructose
lactose
glucose + galactose
maltose
glucose + glucose
AMDR for carbs, proteins, and fats
half of daily calories should be from carbs, 10-35 % from protein, 20-35% from fat.
fiber recommendation
14 g per 1000 kcal daily
whole grain intake
half of all grain products should be whole grain
complex carbs
long polysaccharides
Added sugars
25% or less total daily kcals should come from this
Trans fats
found in partially hydrogenated oils, unsaturated. Mimic saturated and are usually solid at room temperature
Saturated fats
Fully hydrogenated. Long chains, stack well, solid at room temperature
Fat
important concentrated source of energy, supports cell growth, maintenance and repair, insulator to maintain constant body temperature.
Ideal heart health
diet low in trans and saturated fat [Show Less]