Macronutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts, provide energy
Micronutrients
vitamins and minerals require smaller
... [Show More] amounts, make possible the biochemical reactions that extract energy from macronutrients molecules
Obesity
>30% body fat
Overweight
>25% body fat
Marasmus
A disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies. s/s: htn, stroke, type 2 dm, exposed ribs, decreased body fat
Kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency in childhood, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, irritability, thinning hair, and swollen body, which may be fatal if not treated. s/s: potbelly, edema in legs
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
an eating disorder characterized by an inability to maintain normal weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease.
Niacin- common in corn based diets and alcoholics. s/s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death if not tx.
Vitamin A deficiency
night blindness, dry skin, corneal damage
Vitamin C deficiency
scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae
Iron deficiency
anemia
Iodine deficiency
results in goiter/thyroid problems
Vitamin D deficiencies
rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
calcium deficiency
colon cancer
Vitamin E deficiency (rare)
hemolytic anemia
Vitamin K deficiencies
decreased synthesis of clotting factors
hemorrhage
Malnutrition
faulty or inadequate diet
treating malnutrition
correcting diet
correcting body fluid/potassium
"hurry slowly"
diluted milk w/added sugar
What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990's?
It expanded from the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed
DRI
Dietary Reference Intakes; combines the classic concerns of deficiency diseases with the contemporary interest of reducing the risk of chronic diet-related diseases
UL
Tolerable upper intake level. The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects.
EAR
Estimated Average Requirements- Average amount sufficient for half of population
RDA
Recommended Daily Allowances- a healthy diet has nutrients nearing this amount
Identify the types of dietary fats (including trans-fats) and recommendations regarding their consumption.
SATURATED (limit/avoid)
TRANS (worse)
MONOSATURATED (good lowers LDL)
POLYUNSATURATED (same as above)
What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood pressure?
Dietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionCONSUME UP TO 2300 MG OF SODIUM A DAY
How much of the "My Plate" is fruits and Vegetables?
1/2 the plate
What recommendations would you make to a pregnant patient regarding folate and why?
all women who can become pregnant should get 400 mcg of folic acid each day, in addition to consuming food with folate from a varied diet, to lower the chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect.
Provide examples of whole grains versus refined grains and how could a patient better meet the recommendation for consumption of whole grains?
at least half of the grains should be whole grains
whole grains:
Barley
Brown rice
Buckwheat
Bulgur (cracked wheat)
Millet
Oatmeal
Popcorn
Whole-wheat bread, pasta or crackers
Identify at least 4 ways to modify a diet creating a healthier eating style/pattern.
Make half your plate veggies and fruits. ... [Show Less]