what are the primary diseases associated with poor diet and lifestyle?
Heart disease
Malignant neoplasms
Chronic lower respiratory disease
Alzheimer di... [Show More] sease
Diabetes mellitus
Influenza and pneumonia
Nephritis
Obesity
Cancer
How much of the total healthcare expenditures is spent on preventative approaches to preventable disease?
3%
Define and provide examples of prevention strategies: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary.
Primary- prevention strategies, or health promotion, encourage health-enhancing behaviors by giving individuals, families, and communities ways to reduce risk factors associated with disease and injury.
Secondary-prevention includes risk appraisal and screening to emphasize early detection and diagnosis of disease.
Tertiary- prevention involves treatment and rehabilitation and is defined as the reduction in the amount of disability caused by a disease to achieve the highest level of function.
What are some factors that contribute to overweight and obesity (modifiable and non-modifiable)?
modifiable-diet and lifestylenon-modifiable-age, race, family history
What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) key recommendations?
-A variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups—dark green, red and orange, legumes (beans and peas), starchy, and other-
Fruits, especially whole fruits-
Grains, at least half of which are whole grains-
Fat-free or low-fat dairy, including milk, yogurt, cheese, or fortified soy beverages-
A variety of protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, legumes (beans and peas), and nuts, seeds, and soy productsOils
The guidelines also recommend that a healthy eating pattern should limit saturated fats and transfats, added sugars, and sodium.
How much weight loss (percent of total body weight) has been shown to improve health risks associated with overweight and obesity?
5-10%
What is the relationship between cholesterol (dyslipidemia) and cardiovascular disease and how can this be managed through diet?
Hypertension increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke and kidney disease
What is the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease and how can this be managed through diet?
Most of the deaths caused by diabetes are due to diabetes associated cardiovascular disease
What is the relationship between type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and how can this be managed through diet?
Include foods with complex carbohydrates, particularly those from whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat milk. Reduce total intake of fat, especially saturated fat.
In terms of cancer prevention, what are the benefits of a diet high in fruits and vegetables?
May protect against cancers of the mouth and pharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, colon, and rectum
What are seven risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Age
Ethnicity
Genetics and family history
Obesity
History of gestational diabetes
impaired glucose metabolism
Physical inactivity
Which populations are most at risk for developing osteoporosis and how can these populations protect themselves through nutritional interventions?
Advanced age. Those over 65 years of age are at particular risk.
Gender. Women are at much greater risk, losing bone more rapidly than men due to menopause.
Family and personal history. This includes family history of osteoporosis,...
Race. Caucasian and Asian women are at increased risk.
Identify government agency sponsored dietary recommendations for management of chronic kidney disease.
Buy fresh food more often
Use spices, herbs, and sodium free seasonings in place of salt
Check the nutrition facts label on packages for sodium
Try lower-sodium versions of frozen dinners and other convenience foods
Rinse canned vegetables, beans, meats, and fish with water before eating
Do not use salt substitutes
Eat small portions of protein foods.
What are anthropometric measures?
noninvasive and quantitative techniques for determining body size by measuring specific body dimensions.
What are the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommendations for cholesterol consumption and healthy cholesterol levels that reduce cardiovascular disease risk?
Research shows that as little as a 10% decrease in the total cholesterol levels can reduce the incidence of CHD by almost 30%
What are the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Poor nutrition
Lack of physical activity
Smoking
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension Diabetes/
abnormal glucose levels
High blood cholesterol
An underweight patient would be at risk for what conditions or diseases?
Osteoporosis
vitamin deficiencies
What is a calorie?
a calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 degree Celsius.
What is the basic relationship between energy consumed and energy used by the body and how does this relate to maintenance of body weight?
Everything we consume has a calorie count
How much energy it stores in its chemical bonds
Energy is released during digestion and is stored in other molecules, which can be broken down to provide energy when the body needs it.
What percent of calorie intake goes to digestion, physical activity and basal metabolic rate or (basic functions)?
digestion-10%
physical activity-20%
basal metabolic rate-70%
What are the average recommended daily calorie intakes for men and women?
1,600 to 2,400 calories per day for adult women and 2,000 to 3,000 calories per day for adult men.
How does fiber in food affect caloric intake?
fiber reduces calorie absorption
Are obesity rates on the rise, decreasing or staying about the same?
increasing
Is obesity a disease or a result of poor lifestyle choices?
Poor lifestyle choices, such as s [Show Less]
