Macronutrients
must obtain in large amounts to provide body with energy/ carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Micronutrients
obtain in smaller
... [Show More] amounts/ vitamins and minerals
obesity
BMI of 30 or higher
overweight
BMI 25-29.9
marasmus
A disease of severe calorie/carb malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies.
kwashiorkor
A disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, and influenza.
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves
treatment: Medical treatment may be needed to restore normal weight. Talk therapy can help with self-esteem and behavior changes.
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
treatment: Treatments include counseling, medications, and nutrition education
how to treat malnutrition
'food first' approach / You may first be given more calories in the form of carbohydrates, sugars, and fats. Once these calories provide energy, you will be given foods with proteins.
pellagra
the niacin-deficiency disease, characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and eventually death
condition that occurs due to dietary deficiency of niacin- common if eating corn-based diet- also seen in alcoholics, pts with carcinoid syndrom and Hartnup's diseaseSx: 3Ds- diarrhea- dermatitis (present in sun-exposed areas)- dementia- death if untreated
Vitamin A deficiencies
*Night blindness (nyctalopia)- reversible and detected using a dark adaptation test
Xeropthalmia (corneal damage)- not reversible
Dry, scaly skin (hyperkeratosis)
Vitamin C deficiency
scurvy, hemorrhagic diathesis, poor wound healing
Vitamin D deficiencies
rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, osteoporosis
iron deficiency
anemia, fatigue, poor growth
Iodine deficiency
results in goiter/thyroid problems
NHANES
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, designed to (1) estimate the proportion of the US population and designated groups with selected disease and risk factors; (2) monitor trends in selected behaviors, exposures, and diseases; and (3) study the associations among diet, nutrition, and health.
HEI
Healthy Eating Index. A measurement that assesses how well a diet meets the recommendations of the dietary guidelines for americans and mypyramid
DGA
Dietary Guidelines for Americans/ a set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans
foods/products regulated by the FDA/USDA
FDA:
-bread (not meat)
-dietary supplements
-bottle water
-seafood
-exotic meats
-eggs IN shell
USDA:
-meats/poultry
-raw fruits and veggies
-eggs processed
-organic products
What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990s?
It expanded from the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed
What are the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans for different age groups and what benefits are seen with these levels of physical activity?
-ages 6 through 17 years should do 60 minutes (1 hour)
-adults should do at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes of vigorous
The USDA recommends limits to added sugars, sodium, alcohol and saturated fats. What are these limits and why would are these limits recommended?
sugars:less than 10% of calories
sodium:2300 mg for adults - has been raised
alcohol:1 drink/day for women and 2/day for men
saturated fats:less than 10% of calories [Show Less]