The late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (part 2) 86 Questions with Answers
Abraham Lincoln - CORRECT ANSWER 16th President of the United States,
... [Show More] serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis.[2][3] In so doing he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government and modernized the economy.
Alfred Thayer Mahan - CORRECT ANSWER a United States Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator. His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I. Several ships were named USS Mahan, including the lead vessel of a class of destroyers. His research into naval History led to his most important work, The Influence of Seapower Upon History,1660-1783, published in 1890
American Anti-Slavery Society - CORRECT ANSWER Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves.
American Federation of Labor - CORRECT ANSWER 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
American Protective Association - CORRECT ANSWER An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration
Andrew Carnegie - CORRECT ANSWER A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
Andrew Jackson - CORRECT ANSWER (1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.
Andrew Johnson - CORRECT ANSWER 17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.
Anti-Federalists - CORRECT ANSWER Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states
Anti-Masonic Party - CORRECT ANSWER First founded in New York, it gained considerable influence in New England and the mid-Atlantic during the 1832 election, campaigning against the politically influential Masonic order, a secret society. Anti-Masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew much of their support from evangelical Protestants.
Benjamin Harrison - CORRECT ANSWER 1888; Republicn; signed the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (which was not really enforced until Teddy Roosevelt came along); more states admitted during his presidency than any other except Washington's
Booker T. Washington - CORRECT ANSWER African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
Border Ruffians - CORRECT ANSWER Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas's election during the mid-1850's
"Boss" Tweed - CORRECT ANSWER William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.
Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce - CORRECT ANSWER the chief of the Wal-lam-wat-kain (Wallowa) band of Nez Perce Indians during General Oliver O. Howard's attempt to forcibly remove his band and the other "non-treaty" Indians to a reservation in Idaho. For his principled resistance to the removal, he became renowned as a humanitarian and peacemaker
Citizen Edmond Genet - CORRECT ANSWER French government representative asking for assistance for the French Revolution. Sparked support for the French Revolution and led to the creation of the Democratic-Republican party
Civil Service Commission - CORRECT ANSWER In 1883, the new president, Chester A. Arthur signed the Pendleton Act which created this. This is a system that includes the most government jobs, except elected positions, the judiciary, and the military. The aim of this was to fill jobs on the basis of value. Jobs went to those with the highest scores of examinations.
Committees of Correspondence - CORRECT ANSWER A network of communicaiton set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights
Coxey's Army - CORRECT ANSWER unemployed workers marched from ohio to wahsington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask for goverment relief
Daniel Webster - CORRECT ANSWER Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.
Dorothea Dix - CORRECT ANSWER A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - CORRECT ANSWER (1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.
Emerson and Thoreau - CORRECT ANSWER Two influential transcendentalist American writers who stressed self-reliance and inner worth, rejected industrialism/materialism. These feeling were typical of many Americans and came into being in response to the industrial revolution.
Eugene V. Debs - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
Federalists - CORRECT ANSWER A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.
First Continental Congress - CORRECT ANSWER Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence
Forty-niners - CORRECT ANSWER Easterners who flocked to California after the discovery of gold there. They established claims all over northern California and overwhelmed the existing government. Arrived in 1849.
Franklin Pierce - CORRECT ANSWER 14th President of the United States (1853-1857) and is the only President from New Hampshire. Pierce was a Democrat and a "doughface" (a Northerner with Southern sympathies)[1] who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate. Pierce took part in the Mexican-American War and became a brigadier general in the Army. His private law practice in his home state was so successful that he was offered several important positions, which he turned down. Later, he was nominated as the party's candidate for president on the 49th ballot at the 1852 Democratic National Convention.[2] In the presidential election, Pierce and his running mate William R. King won by a landslide in the Electoral College. They defeated the Whig Party ticket of Winfield Scott and William A. Graham
Frederick Douglass - CORRECT ANSWER (1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.
Frederick Jackson Turner - CORRECT ANSWER (1861 - 1932) He was an American historian in the early 20th century. He is best known for The Significance of the Frontier in American History, where he stated that the spirit and success of the United States is directly tied to the country's westward expansion. According to Turner, the forging of the unique and rugged American identity occurred at the juncture between the civilization of settlement and the savagery of wilderness.
Free Soil Party - CORRECT ANSWER Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.
George Washington - CORRECT ANSWER first President of the United States (1789-1797), the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention that drafted the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation and which remains the supreme law of the land.
George III - CORRECT ANSWER English monarch at the time of the revolution. He was the main opposition for the colonies due to his stubborn attitude and unwillingness to hear out colonial requests/grievances.
The Grange Movement - CORRECT ANSWER A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers. They opposed corrupt business practices and monopolies, and supported relief for debtors. Although technically not a political party, local granges led to the creation of a number of political parties, which eventually joined with the growing labor movement to form the Progressive Party
Greenback Party - CORRECT ANSWER Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress.
Henry Clay - CORRECT ANSWER A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.
Horace Mann - CORRECT ANSWER (AJ) , late 1830s, MA, United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)
James Buchanan - CORRECT ANSWER 15th President of the United States (1857-1861), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. He is, to date, the only president from Pennsylvania and the only president to remain a lifelong bachelor. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives and later the Senate and served as Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson. He was also Secretary of State under President James K. Polk. After he turned down an offer for an appointment to the Supreme Court, President Franklin Pierce appointed him minister to the Court of St. James's, in which capacity he helped draft the Ostend Manifesto.
James Garfield - CORRECT ANSWER 1880; Republican; president for only 4 months before being assassinated by Charles Guiteau; promoted civil service reform but did not live to see
James Monroe - CORRECT ANSWER fifth President of the United States (1817-1825). Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, the third of them to die on Independence Day, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation.
James Polk - CORRECT ANSWER 11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion; led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration
Jane Addams - CORRECT ANSWER 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom.
John Adams - CORRECT ANSWER second president of the United States (1797-1801),[2] having earlier served as the first vice president of the United States. An American Founding Father,[3] Adams was a statesman, diplomat, and a leading advocate of American independence from Great Britain. Well educated, he was an Enlightenment political theorist who promoted republicanism, as well as a strong central government, and wrote prolifically about his often seminal ideas, both in published works and in letters to his wife and key adviser Abigail Adams, as well as to other Founding Fathers. Adams was a lifelong opponent of slavery
John Brown - CORRECT ANSWER (FP) , Well-known abolitionist. used violence to stop slavery immediately, involved in the Pottawatomie Massacre, he ws tried, convicted of treason and hung... he became a martyr.
John C. Calhoun - CORRECT ANSWER (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.
John D. Rockefeller - CORRECT ANSWER Aggressive energy-industry monopolist who used tough means to build a trust based on "horizontal integration", An American industrialist and philanthropist, in 1870, Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company and ran it until he retired in the late 1890s. Often forced rival companies to sell out by drastically lowering his own prices. At one point he controlled 90% of the oil business. He became the world's richest man and first U.S. dollar billionaire.
John Marshall - CORRECT ANSWER American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.
John Quincy Adams - CORRECT ANSWER American statesman who served as the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He also served as a diplomat, a Senator and member of the House of Representatives. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties.
Joseph Pulitzer - CORRECT ANSWER ..., United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911), He used yellow journalism in competition with Hearst to sell more newspapers. He also achieved the goal of becoming a leading national figure of the Democratic Party.
Knights of Labor - CORRECT ANSWER 1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed
Know-Nothing Party - CORRECT ANSWER A party which pushed for political action against these newcomers. They displayed the feelings of America regarding newcomers that were different and therefore, the double standard of the country.
Ku Klux Klan - CORRECT ANSWER An organization of white supremacists that used lynchings, beatings, and threats to control the black population in the United States. Expressed beliefs in respect for the American woman and things purely American [anti-immigrant]. Strongest periods were after the Civil War, a resurfacing in 1915 [on Stone Mountain, GA.] continuing through the 1920s, and another upsurge in the 1990s.
Liberty Party - CORRECT ANSWER A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848
Martin Van Buren - CORRECT ANSWER eighth President of the United States (1837-1841). Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President (1833-1837) and the tenth Secretary of State (1829-1831), both under Andrew Jackson. Van Buren was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British or Irish descent—his family was Dutch. He was the first president to have been born a United States citizen,[2] since all of his predecessors were born British subjects before the American Revolution.[3] He is the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, having grown up speaking Dutch,[4] and the first president from New York.
Mormon Church - CORRECT ANSWER (1830) - religious denomination Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints based on the Book of Mormon started by Joseph Smith in Ohio. Taken over by Brigham Young in 1844 and moved to Utah where they started a prosperous community. Had problems with the federal govt.
Nat Turner - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives
National Labor Union - CORRECT ANSWER 1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers
Populist Party - CORRECT ANSWER U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies
Queen Liliuokalani - CORRECT ANSWER A queen of Hawaii and the successor to King Kalakaua (who gave most control to the businessmen in Hawaii through a new constitution) that highly opposed control of Hawaii by the U.S. and wanted to keep the islands mainly native, reducing the power of merchants from foreign nations.
Radical Republicans - CORRECT ANSWER After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.
Robber Barons - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.
Robert Fulton - CORRECT ANSWER American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
Rough Riders - CORRECT ANSWER Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War
Rutherford B. Hayes - CORRECT ANSWER 19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history
Samuel Gompers - CORRECT ANSWER He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
Second Continental Congress - CORRECT ANSWER Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775.
Seventh Day Adventist Church - CORRECT ANSWER because the body viewed as the temple of holy spirit, healthy living is essential. Therefore the use of alcohol, tobacco, coffee and tea and the promiscuous (careless) use of drugs are prohibited. Some are vegetarians and most avoid pork
Shakers - CORRECT ANSWER 1840s; one of the first religious communal movements; kept men and women separate; failed due to lack of recruits
Sons of Liberty - CORRECT ANSWER A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest
Stephen Douglas - CORRECT ANSWER A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.
Susan B. Anthony - CORRECT ANSWER (1820-1906) An early leader of the women's suffrage (right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stnaton in 1869.
Temperance Societies - CORRECT ANSWER Arose in the early 1800s to put an end to excessive drinking and other immoral behavior
Terrence Powderly - CORRECT ANSWER An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. It was founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers. Powderly was elected head of the Knights of Labor in 1883.
Thomas A. Edison - CORRECT ANSWER One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture.
Thomas Jefferson - CORRECT ANSWER American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States (1801-1809). He was a spokesman for democracy, embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of man with worldwide influence. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia and then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779-1781). Just after the war ended, from mid-1784 Jefferson served as a diplomat, stationed in Paris. In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France.
Thomas Paine - CORRECT ANSWER American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)
Ulysses S. Grant - CORRECT ANSWER (1869-1873) and (1873-1877) The 15th Amendment is added to the Constitution Administrative inaction and political scandal involving members of his cabinet, including the Crédit Mobilier scandal and the Whiskey Ring conspiracy. He was more successful in foreign affairs, where he was aided by his secretary of state, Hamilton Fish. He supported amnesty for Confederate leaders and protection for the civil rights of former slaves.
Whig Party - CORRECT ANSWER An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements
William Henry Harrison - CORRECT ANSWER ninth President of the United States (1841), an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office. He was 68 years, 23 days old when inaugurated, the oldest president to take office until Ronald Reagan in 1981. Harrison died on his 32nd day in office[a] of complications from pneumonia, serving the shortest tenure in United States presidential history. His death sparked a brief constitutional crisis, but its resolution settled many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until the passage of the 25th Amendment in 1967.
William Jennings Bryan - CORRECT ANSWER United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)
William McKinley - CORRECT ANSWER 25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist
William Randolph Hearst - CORRECT ANSWER A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism."
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) - CORRECT ANSWER This women's union called for the national prohibition of alcohol. Led by Frances E. Willard and Carrie A. Nation
Workingmen's Party - CORRECT ANSWER was the first Marxist-influenced political party in the United States.was formed in 1876, when a congress of socialists from around the United States met in Philadelphia in an attempt to unify their political power. Seven societies sent representatives. Represented socialistic ideas.
Yeomen - CORRECT ANSWER Independent landowning famers who produced food for their own families and nearby plantations. Clung to Democrat's promise to expand US west on behalf of common man because implied opportunities to own slaves. Depended on cooperation among neighbors to get in harvest
Zachary Taylor - CORRECT ANSWER (1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore. [Show Less]