One of the three epistemological questions discussed in the text is
a. Is there such a thing as mental telepathy?
b.Is scientific knowledge incompatible
... [Show More] with religious faith?.
c. What is the meaning of life?
d. Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?
d. Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?
Who said "Each one of us is a measure of what is and of what is not"?
Answer
a. Quine
b. Protagoras
c. Plato
d. Nietzsche
b. Protagoras
If an argument is strong,
Answer
a. the premises make the conclusion absolutely true
b. the premises make the conclusion highly probable.
c. the premises make the conclusion unlikely to be true
d. none of the above
b. the premises make the conclusion highly probable.
A central teaching of the Sophists was
Answer
a. the importance of caring for one's own soul.
b. it is better to be morally good than successful by society's standards.
c. skepticism concerning our ability to know what is true or good.
d. the impossibility of finding happiness.
c. skepticism concerning our ability to know what is true or good.
A valid argument with all true premises is called
Answer
a. a strong argument.
b. a cogent argument.
c. an inductive argument.
d. a sound argument.
d. a sound argument.
Expressing two assertions that could not both be true under any possible circumstances is known as
Answer
a. a logical inconsistency.
b. a self-referential inconsistency.
c. the false dichotomy fallacy.
d. the fallacy of affirming the consequent.
a. a logical inconsistency.
In his trial, Socrates referred to himself as
Answer
a. a rudder that keeps the people of Athens on course.
b. a gadfly that continually harasses people to wake them from their apathy.
c. a compass that shows people the direction they should take.
d. a coach that trains people on how to use their intellectual muscles.
b. a gadfly that continually harasses people to wake them from their apathy.
"Empirical knowledge" refers to
Answer
a. knowledge that is based on a definition.
b. a claim for which no support is provided
c. knowledge based on experience.
d. a logically necessary truth
c. knowledge based on experience.
Socrates undermines Thrasymachus's definition of justice by
Answer
a. showing that it leads to a contradiction.
b. arguing that most people would be unlikely to accept it.
c.demonstrating that it would violate the laws of Athens.
d. arguing that adopting it would lead to social instability.
a. showing that it leads to a contradiction.
Descartes's argument for God's existence is based on
Answer
a. the need for a reason to be moral.
b. Descartes's own idea of perfection
c. the fact that the universe requires a cause
d. the order and design in the world
b. Descartes's own idea of perfection
One of the reasons Socrates says he doesn't fear death is because he thinks that
Answer
a. his friends will sneak him out of prison
b. everyone goes to heaven after they die
c. nothing can harm a good person
d. there is no afterlife
c. nothing can harm a good person
According to your text, Descartes believed it is possible that 2 + 3 = 17-1/2 because
Answer
a. mathematics doesn't have the certainty of sense experience.
b. mathematics is based on arbitrary assumptions.
c. an evil demon could be deceiving his mind.
d. he could be dreaming.
c. an evil demon could be deceiving his mind.
The philosophy study of knowledge is called
Answer
a. Metaphysics
b. Ethics
c. Epistemology
d. aesthetics
c. Epistemology
The term "philosophy" literally means
Answer
a. the search for knowledge.
b. deep questions.
c. the love of wisdom.
d. the search for meaning.
c. the love of wisdom.
Since fire has burned us in the past, we believe that fire will burn us in the future. According to Hume, this reasoning is based on
Answer
a. the laws of logic
b. impressions
c. methodological skepticism
d. inductive reasoning
d. inductive reasoning
According to David Hume, all the objects of human reason fall into the two categories of
Answer
a. relations of ideas and matters of fact
b. moral knowledge and scientific knowledge
c. primary qualities and secondary qualities
d. the subjective contents within our minds and objects external to our minds
a. relations of ideas and matters of fact
Which of the following is a characteristic of a valid argument?
Answer
a. All the premises must be true.
b. The conclusion must be true.
c. If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
d. all of the above
c. If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
According to the rationalist, logical truths, mathematical truths, and metaphysical truths are all examples of which kind of knowledge?
Answer
a. empirical knowledge
b. a posteriori knowledge
c. a priori knowledge
d. truths that do not tell us anything about the world.
c. a priori knowledge
When explaining Descartes, the book uses the case of the "phantom limb" to demonstrate that
Answer
a. you can't always trust common folk tales.
b. it is possible to be mistaken in believing that one's body exists.
c. there are spiritual beings that exist beyond the bounds of science.
d. reason must be guided by the senses.
b. it is possible to be mistaken in believing that one's body exists.
Descartes decided to suspend judgment concerning any belief if he could:
Answer
a. be certain the belief was false
b. think of any possibility that the belief could be mistaken
c. see that the truth or falsity of the belief was not important
d. see that most people during his time did not accept the belief
b. think of any possibility that the belief could be mistaken
The philosophical study of good/bad, right/wrong, etc. in human action is called
Answer
a. ethics
b. epistemology
c. metaphysics
d. logic
a. ethics
The criterion of "compatibility" evaluates a philosophy in terms of its compatibility with
Answer
a. the answers of other philosophers.
b. well-established facts and theories.
c.a vision of life that is emotionally satisfying.
d. the laws of logic.
b. well-established facts and theories.
The Socratic method consisted of
Answer
a. drawing philosophical conclusions from scientific observations.
b. lecturing to people on the basic principles for successful living.
c. surveying public opinion and embracing the collective wisdom of the majority.
d. asking questions of people and then questioning their answers.
d. asking questions of people and then questioning their answers.
Which of the following was one of the three anchor points of rationalism?
Answer
a. Scientific knowledge is the only kind of knowledge there is.
b. The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori.
c. There is no God.
d. The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions.
d. The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions.
Which of the following philosophers is not considered a pragmatist?
Answer
a. Locke
b. James
c. Pierce
d. Dewey
a. Locke
Who were the Sophists?
Answer
a. Socrates' students
b. a group of famous Greek poets
c. wandering teachers who taught rhetoric/speech
d. a political party in Athens.
c. wandering teachers who taught rhetoric/speech
The claim "Either my team will win their next game or they won't" is an example of
Answer
a. a posteriori knowledge.
b. a priori knowledge.
c. factual information about the world.
d. empirical knowledge.
b. a priori knowledge.
Kant tried to form a compromise between rationalism and empiricism.
Answer
True
False
True
Georg W. F. Hegel, the nineteenth-century German philosopher, defended historical relativism.
Answer
True
False
True [Show Less]