Rudolph Flesch
started debate & brought to publics attention how best to teach reading; plain English proponent; praised phonics; book "Why Johnny Can't
... [Show More] Read" (1955)
NICHD
Looking at the issue deemed the inability to read as "national health issue" and began to fund research in the area of reading; 1997 asked to create Reading Panel
"Learning to Read: The Great Debate" Jeanne Chall
This book caught the attention of professionals and the government that our nation is in a reading crisis. Children are not learning to read since the look and say method came about. (1967)
Basal Reading Programs
These programs begin to drive reading instruction. 70% of American Schools bought one or more of the best selling programs. (1960s to mid 80s); focus on basic linguistic concepts, reading skills, vocab; 1st were McGuffey Readers (1830s)
Kenneth Goodman and Frank Smith
Developed the Top-Down approach to reading instruction. Believed that reading should be taught through immersion in children's literature . Teaches reading without breaking it down into parts. Whole Language based, emphasis is on guessing at words rather than sounding them out (1967 journal article, G said reading is a "psycholinguistic guessing game."
G. Reid Lyon
NICHD former coordinator of reading research; former Chief of Child Development and Behavior Branch (1991)
National Reading Panel Report
Produced scientifically based research that demonstrated that approximately 40% of the population "have reading problems severe enough to hinder their enjoyment of reading." (2000)
IMSLEC
International Multisensory Structured Education Council
NICHD
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Which prominent names are closely associated with research on phonological awareness (Montessori/Clay/Liberman***
Isabelle Liberman
Research by NICHD indicates that of the students with specific learning disabilities receiving special education services
70 - 80% have deficit in reading
According to the National Reading Panel Report (2000), what represents the strongest indication of a reading disability
a deficit in phonology
D. Berlin (1887)
Coined the term "dys" -- meaning difficult, "lexia" -- meaning pertaining to words.
James Hinshelwood (1917)
"word blindness" -- ophthalmologist from Scotland that discovered that the left hemisphere of the brain affected word storage
Samuel Orton (1920-1950)
Neuropsychiatrist from Columbia University in New York who first recognized dyslexia students in America. He discovered that approximately 10% of students will not learn using the whole words method. Also coined the term "strephosymbolia" (twisted words), which replaced the former term word blindness.
Dr. Madonald Critchley (1964)
Established term "developmental dyslexia" at the World Federation of Neurology meeting at the Scottish Rite Hospital.
Marianne Frosig (1960)
Did visual tracking research. Findings show there is no relationship between dyslexia and vision acuity.
Isabelle Liberman (1973-1984)
Did research on phonological awareness that linguistic information is stored in its phonological form (all word recognition requires letter-sound access). Also studied phonological processing deficits affecting the ability to make use of letter-sound associations as an effect of rapid retrieval problems. Discovered tapping exercises.
Hugh Catts (1986)
Speech language pathologist working at the University of Kansas. Did remedial work for programs to improve phonological awareness.
Keith Stanovich (1980)
Researched the process of phonics and the need to attach sound to symbol. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good readers (comprehension work).
Bonita Blachman
professor at Syracuse University. Has done much research in the field of phonology and reading.Created Elkonian cards (kids who couldn't read couldn't segment sounds as well).
Principals of ALTA Code of Ethics
standards of personal conduct, standards of professional conduct, conflict of interest, confidentiality
Adolf Kusmaul
1877 - first used the term "word-blindness".
Alvin and Isabel Liberman
Alphabetic principle and its relationship to phonemic awareness and phonological awareness in reading.
Chall's Six Stages of Reading
Students proceed through predictable stages of learning to read
Stage 0
Pre-reading - Oral Language Development
Stage 1
Initial Reading - Letters represent sounds, sound-spelling relationships
Stage 2
Confirmation and Fluency - Decoding Skills, fluency, additional strategies
Stage 3
Reading for learning the new - expand vocabularies, build background adn world knowledge, develop strategic habits
Stage 4
Multiple viewpoints - analyze text critically, understand multiple points of view
Stage 5
Constrution and Reconstruction - construct understanding based on analysis and synthesis.
Components of Reading Instruction
Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Vocabulary Development, Reading Fluency including oral reading skills, and reading comprehension strategies
Dr. Rudolf Berlin
1887 - ophthalmologist - introduced the term dyslexia
Dr. W. Pringle Morgan
1896 - wrote first article in medical literature on "word blindness" in children
Frank Smith
Whole language. Founder of Whole language concept
James Hinshelwood
1904 - reported 2 cases of "congenital word blindness", called for schools to establish procedures for screening as well as appropriate teaching of those that were identified with congenital word-blindness
Joe Torgesen
nationally known for research on both the prevention and remediation of reading difficulties in young children as well as work on assessment of phonological awareness and reading
Keith Stanovich
His research in the field of reading was fundamental to the emergence of today's scientific consensus about what reading is, how it works and what it does for the mind. The Matthew Effect
Kenneth and Yetta Goodman
Whole language, Drop Everythng and read, evaluation through miscues, founds of whole language [Show Less]