Strephosymbolia
means twisted symbols. The first term Orton used for dyslexia.
phonetics
the study of speech sounds in spoken language
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phonological awareness
the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
phonemic awareness
awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words
phonics
instruction that connects sounds and letters
synthetic phonics
explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole words
alphabetic principle
the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters
consonant
blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
vowel
open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
phonology
the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
fluency
reading with rapidity and automaticity
prosody
the rhythmic flow of oral reading
pragmatics
set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of language, rules we communicate by
syntax
sentence structure, grammar, usage
semantics
content of language, used to express knowledge of the world around us - meaning
phoneme
smallest unit of sound in a syllable
spelling
sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect grapheme to phoneme
orthography
the spelling of written language
orthographic memory
memory of letter patterns and word spellings
metalinguistics
awareness of language as an entity
guided discovery
a method of leading students to new learning through questioning
Heuristic
means to discover by demonstration
grapheme
a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound
decoding
word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken down to determine a word
blending
fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units
reading
symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit of language - a suffix, prefix, root or stem such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling ability greatly depend on knowledge of word structure at the level of morphemes.
morphology
the study of word formation patterns, meaningful units that make words
fricative
a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
nasal sound
a sound produced by forcing air out through th nose / n / / m /
continuant sound
a sound prolonged in its production / m / / s / / f /
stop consonant sound
a sound obstructed / they must be clipped off / b / / d /
aspiration
puff of air
Norman Invasion
1066 A.D., had a great effect on English language, William the Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought words like furniture, painter, tailor, beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for the j. Alphabet complete at 26 letters
Number words one to a thousand
Anglo-Saxon
Most of the basic color words
Anglo-Saxon
The names of farm, forest and ocean animals
Anglo-Saxon
Outer body parts
Anglo-Saxon
Short, common everyday words: the, run, and, play, work
Anglo-Saxon
Words with gh: laugh, cough, right, high
Anglo-Saxon
Words with ck: pick, duck, sack
Anglo-Saxon
Words with k: king, kiss, kilt, hook
Anglo-Saxon
Words with kn or gn in initial position: knee, knife, gnat, gnash
Anglo-Saxon
Words with tw: twin, twilight, between
Anglo-Saxon
Words with wr: write, wring, wrist
Anglo-Saxon
Short words with ch pronounced /ch/ chest, cheap
Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words with tch: witch, hatch, match
Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words with dge: edge, ridge, hedge
Anglo-Saxon
Short words with th: this, these, bath
Anglo-Saxon
Words with wh: why, while, when
Anglo-Saxon
Words with double consonants: better, ladder, carrot
Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words that end in ff, ll ss Floss Words
Anglo-Saxon
Words with ow: plow, snow, brow, blow
Anglo-Saxon
Short words with silent letters: walk, should, thumb, listen
Anglo-Saxon
Wild Old Words: mind, most, kind
Anglo-Saxon
Most pronouns: he, she, us
Anglo-Saxon
Most F. S. S. words handle, thimble, twinkle
Anglo-Saxon
Words with hard g before e and i: gift, giddy, girl, begin
Anglo-Saxon
Words with ng
Anglo-Saxon
Long words, three or more syllables: marvelous, fascinate
Latin
Words with ct: act, direct, conduct
Latin
Words with pt: apt, erupt, attempt
Latin
Words with ti pronounced /sh/ partial, nation
Latin
Words with ci pronounced /sh/ special, precious
Latin
Words with sion: erosion, collision
Latin
Words with ssion: passion, expression
Latin
Words with double consonants near the beginning illegal, attract, occupy
Latin
Words with t pronounced /ch/: nature, punctual
Latin
Words with d pronounced /j/ educate, graduate
Latin
Words with silent initial h: hour, herb, honor
Latin
Words with ular: regular, popular
Latin
Words with j: joint, journal
Latin
Words that are legal terms: justice, legal, judge
Latin
Words with the soft c before e and i: cent, census, city
Latin
Words with sc pronounced /s/: science, irascible, scissors
Latin [Show Less]
