NYS Cosmetology Licensing Written Exam Review Guide 228 Questions with Verified Answers
Bacteriology - CORRECT ANSWER study of microorganisms called
... [Show More] bacteria
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER another name for germ or microbe, minute one celled, vegetable origin, seen with microscope.
Cocci - CORRECT ANSWER spherical bacteria
Spirilla - CORRECT ANSWER spiral shaped bacteria
Bacilli - CORRECT ANSWER Rod shaped bacteria
pathogenic - CORRECT ANSWER causing disease
Non Pathogenic - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria that are not harmful
parasite - CORRECT ANSWER An organism that feeds on a living host
saprophyte - CORRECT ANSWER An organism that feeds on dead matter
Human Relations - CORRECT ANSWER the study of how people interact in the workplace and how communication can be improved
Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER cells split in half
Natural Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER born with immunity
acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination)
General Infection - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body
Local Infection - CORRECT ANSWER An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.
EPA - CORRECT ANSWER Environmental Protection Agency
MSDS - CORRECT ANSWER Material Safety Data Sheet
OSHA - CORRECT ANSWER Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PPE - CORRECT ANSWER Personal Protection Equipment
sodium hydrochlorite - CORRECT ANSWER Household bleach
QUAT - CORRECT ANSWER Quaternary ammonium compound 1:1,000 parts
Draping - CORRECT ANSWER first line of protection for client
single drape method - CORRECT ANSWER for non-chemical services
double drape - CORRECT ANSWER for chemical services
Shampooing - CORRECT ANSWER creates first long lasting impression to client about your confidence.
Healthy scalp - CORRECT ANSWER Cleanliness and stimulation
Before using water - CORRECT ANSWER test on wrist
Keep fingertips cupped over nozzle to prevent - CORRECT ANSWER rapid temperature change
shampoo using - CORRECT ANSWER cushion of fingertips
scientific brushing prior to shampoo removes - CORRECT ANSWER dirt, debris, dead skin cells, products, adds shine to hair
Don't brush hair prior to - CORRECT ANSWER any chemical service because it causes irritation to the scalp
purpose of scalp treatment - CORRECT ANSWER help a dry scalp and increase blood flow and relaxation
purpose of conditioning treatment - CORRECT ANSWER hydrate moisturize damaged dry hair.
scalp massage is not suggested for - CORRECT ANSWER clients with severe hypertension that is uncontrolled by a doctor
if in doubt _____________ a scalp massage without the clients permission from a doctor - CORRECT ANSWER do not perform
to avoid muscle fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER maintain good posture
be ergonomic conscience in salon to - CORRECT ANSWER avoid strain and physical problems
stand with feet ________ and ______________ shift weight - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder width apart; frequently
Keep head _______ and your shoulders ___ - CORRECT ANSWER level; up
to avoid back strain while picking things up - CORRECT ANSWER bend knees
conduct thorough scalp analysis and check for - CORRECT ANSWER abrasion ,dry/oily scalp, flaky dandruff, ticks or lice (pediculosis capitis)
Average PH for acid based shampoos _________________ and conditioners ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER (4.5-5.5); (5.5-6.9)
Alkaline shampoo is PH - CORRECT ANSWER 7.1-9.5
High PH alkaline shampoo will cause hair color to - CORRECT ANSWER fade faster
hairs natural PH ________ so pick shampoo closet to hairs natural PH to avoid any damage - CORRECT ANSWER 4.5-5.5
Hard Water - CORRECT ANSWER well water; contains minerals; hard to lather
Soft water - CORRECT ANSWER rainwater; chemically treated to gt rid of minerals so lathers easy
Main ingredient in most shampoos - CORRECT ANSWER water
Surfectant - CORRECT ANSWER 2nd main ingredient in shampoo. cleansing molecules and have two ends (hydrophilic and lipophilic)
hydrophillic - CORRECT ANSWER Attracted to water
lipophillic - CORRECT ANSWER attracted to oil
Humectant - CORRECT ANSWER moisturizing molecules used in conditioners to hold in moisture
Medicated shampoos - CORRECT ANSWER Shampoos that contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing excessive dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions are:
Clarifying shampoos - CORRECT ANSWER remove mineral buildups by having chelating agents that bind to metals to remove them from the hair
Color enhancing shampoos - CORRECT ANSWER brighten and add shine to hair
blue shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER remove unwanted yellow tones in grey hair or to tone down gold tones in blonde hair
powder dry shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER for clients who can't have hair wet down (hospitalized etc.) powder is designed to attract oils. when brushed out it leaves hair dull
wig cleaning solutions - CORRECT ANSWER gentle shampoos for wigs and hair pieces
leave in conditioner - CORRECT ANSWER Applied to hair and not rinsed out
astringents - CORRECT ANSWER can be used on cotton ball and blotted on scalp to remove excess oils or buildup
Trichology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of hair
non-pigmented hair - CORRECT ANSWER grey hair/cantities
purpose of hair - CORRECT ANSWER protect and adorn
Texture - CORRECT ANSWER fine, medium, course and feel of hair per strand
Density - CORRECT ANSWER thickness of hair, numbers of per square inch
Porosity - CORRECT ANSWER ability of hair to absorb moisture
elasticity - CORRECT ANSWER ability of hair to stretch and return
tenacity - CORRECT ANSWER overall toughness of hair to stand up to chemical procedures; comes from cortex
cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER hairs gateway and opens & closes porosity; acts as a protective outer layer
cortex - CORRECT ANSWER 90% of hairs strength; elasticity; pigment; bonds; 2nd layer
medulla - CORRECT ANSWER pith or marrow innermost layer absent in very fine hair; innermost layer
follicle - CORRECT ANSWER sets direction of hair shaft; tube like pocket encases the hair root
papilla/dermal papilla - CORRECT ANSWER blood vessels cone shaped elevation; if destroyed, hair will not be able to grow back
Pityriasis - CORRECT ANSWER dandruff (fungus malassezia causes dandruff)
Pityriasis steatoides - CORRECT ANSWER oily dandruff
pediculosis capitis - CORRECT ANSWER head lice; parasite infects hair and scalp
Bulb - CORRECT ANSWER fits over papilla; club shaped hair
anagen - CORRECT ANSWER growth phase of hair growth
catagen - CORRECT ANSWER transitional phase of hair growth
telogen - CORRECT ANSWER resting phase of hair growth
albino - CORRECT ANSWER absence of pigment melanin in hair
arrector pili - CORRECT ANSWER muscle pushes out old and in new hair; causes goose flesh bumps to warm us up by holding body heat in
sebaceous glands - CORRECT ANSWER secretes sebum (oil) gives shine to hair
Thermal irons are tested on ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER tissue paper
Heat spray used as _______________ against thermal heat - CORRECT ANSWER protectant
hair must be completely _____________ before using a thermal iron - CORRECT ANSWER dry
Hair dryers must be used in a ___________________ motion - CORRECT ANSWER back and forth
Air flow should be directed _______________ from scalp - CORRECT ANSWER away
to protect scalp us a __________________ behind the thermal iron - CORRECT ANSWER hard rubber comb
Naturally _________ hair works best when finger waving - CORRECT ANSWER wavy
finger waving lotion should be ______________ to hair - CORRECT ANSWER harmless
fingerwaving should start on ______________ side of part - CORRECT ANSWER heavy
to emphasize a ridge in a finger wave, press _____________________ against head - CORRECT ANSWER press index and middle finger
remove tangles starting at - CORRECT ANSWER nape
three parts of a pin curl are - CORRECT ANSWER base, stem, and curl; base is immovable part of pin curl because it is attached to head
3 bases of pin curls - CORRECT ANSWER no stem is on it's base, half stem is half on and half off, a full stem sits completely off base
pin curl direction comes from its __________________ - CORRECT ANSWER stem, clockwise and counter clockwise.
strength and width come from pin curl ____________, bigger is looser, smaller circle is tighter. - CORRECT ANSWER size
close center pin curl gets tighter towards ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER ends
triangular bases are used at front hair line to avoid splits in ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER combouts; open center pin curl
condition of hair must be ___ to comb out pin curls or finger waves - CORRECT ANSWER dry
emphasize the ridges or finger waves by_______________________ - CORRECT ANSWER pressing fingers firm against head not pinching or squeezing
skip waves - CORRECT ANSWER alternating rows of finger waves and pin curls
carved curls are - CORRECT ANSWER overlapping curls from shaping
all pin curls start at open end of shaping - CORRECT ANSWER (-open end
)-closed end
Roller placement - CORRECT ANSWER on base- more volume less movement
half off base- medium volume medium movement
off base- no volume more most movement
effleurage - CORRECT ANSWER slow long strokes rhythmic, not to firm
kneading/petrissage - CORRECT ANSWER deep firm pressure
tapotement - CORRECT ANSWER tapping
Percussion/Tapotement - CORRECT ANSWER Massage technique that involves short, light tapping or slapping movements
vibration - CORRECT ANSWER gentle shaking fast movement
friction rubbing creates - CORRECT ANSWER warmth
massage benefits include - CORRECT ANSWER increased blood circulation, expanding and contracting workout for muscles, relaxation, stimulates glandular activity, offering better gland function sebaceous glands and sudoriferous glands.
thinning hair rules: - CORRECT ANSWER course hair-never too close to scalp
fine hair- can be closer to scalp, but never close to ends (lifeless hair)
The hair should be ___ when you use a razor or else it will pull and hurt client. - CORRECT ANSWER damp
hair styles should be designed to accent a client's _________ - CORRECT ANSWER good features
tapering/layering - CORRECT ANSWER shortening hair in a graduated effect
effilating - CORRECT ANSWER Also known as slithering; process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially opened.
slithering - CORRECT ANSWER also known as effilating; process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially opened
shingling - CORRECT ANSWER cutting in graduated lengths from nape toward crown
sectioning - CORRECT ANSWER first step in successful hair shaping
still blade is controlled by - CORRECT ANSWER ring finger
moving blade is controlled by - CORRECT ANSWER thumb
tang - CORRECT ANSWER pinky rest
double notched thinning shears remove - CORRECT ANSWER less bulk
single notched thinning shears remove - CORRECT ANSWER more bulk
protective cream used around hairline prior to - CORRECT ANSWER applying solution
exothermic-heat chemically created by - CORRECT ANSWER mixing part 1 with part 2
endothermic-heat - CORRECT ANSWER needed from and outside source (hood dryer)
when perming always follow - CORRECT ANSWER manufacturers instructions
active ingredient in acid wave - CORRECT ANSWER glycerol monothioglycolate
active ingredient in cold wave - CORRECT ANSWER ammonium thioglycolate
end papers in perming must be________ so perm can take hold - CORRECT ANSWER porous
perm waving lotion causes hair to - CORRECT ANSWER soften and swell
neutralizer causes hair to - CORRECT ANSWER harden into new shape
disulfide bonds broken by - CORRECT ANSWER perm solution
curl in perming depends on the - CORRECT ANSWER size of the rod used
hair should be ________________ on rod without fishhooks - CORRECT ANSWER evenly distributed
concave rods are _________ in the middle of the rod - CORRECT ANSWER smaller
convex rods are _____________ in the middle - CORRECT ANSWER wider
straight rods give an ____________ curl across the rod - CORRECT ANSWER even
hydrogen bonds and salt bonds can be broken by - CORRECT ANSWER water
rubber bands should not be too ___________ at scalp or ___________, bands should go across the front top of rod. - CORRECT ANSWER tight; twisted
alkalizing agents are needed to ______________________ the hair also called reducing agents - CORRECT ANSWER soften and swell
reduction occurs by either the addition of ______________ or the removal of __________________. in perm waving, it is by ________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen; oxygen; addition of hydrogen in cortex
test curl - CORRECT ANSWER unwind 1 1/2 times bounce rod towards scalp look for "s" shape
over processed hair - CORRECT ANSWER curly when wet and straight when dry
under processed hair is usually ________ when wet - CORRECT ANSWER straight
basic wrap straight 6 sections - CORRECT ANSWER down and under
Brick layer wrap staggered rods like a - CORRECT ANSWER brick wall
Directional wrap - CORRECT ANSWER toward or away face/under or up
Spiral wrap is for - CORRECT ANSWER loose curls on long hair
piggy back wrap for - CORRECT ANSWER long hair using two rods
single halo wrap - CORRECT ANSWER smaller head wrap
double halo wrap - CORRECT ANSWER larger head size
Partial perm - CORRECT ANSWER spot perm like like top of head only
stack wrap - CORRECT ANSWER tighter underneath and straighter on top
metalized salts are not compatible with - CORRECT ANSWER perms
test for metallic salts in glass or plastic bowl 1 oz of 20 volume peroxide to 20 drops of 28% ammonia - CORRECT ANSWER immerse hair strand for 30 minutes
if metallic salts aren't present hair will lighten slightly and you can _______ with service - CORRECT ANSWER proceed
if metallic salts are present - CORRECT ANSWER hair will lighten fast, strong odor, give off heat
soft curl perm - CORRECT ANSWER use a larger rod to control tighter out of control curly hair, usually done on Caucasian hair
Perming safety measures - CORRECT ANSWER wear PPE, wear rubber gloves, read manufacturers directions, apply protective cream, change cotton, change wet draping, use timer, take test curl, if solution gets in eyes rinse with warm water, if solution is on skin towel bloth then dab with neutralizer and apply cold wet towel
Nerves and blood vessels found in matrix of nail - CORRECT ANSWER if destroyed nail won't grow back
Eponychium - CORRECT ANSWER The cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail
hyponychium - CORRECT ANSWER cuticle under free edge
Hair and nails chiefly composed of the protein - CORRECT ANSWER keratin
lunula - CORRECT ANSWER half-moon at base of nail and visible portion of matrix
Athlete's foot - CORRECT ANSWER tinea pedis, contagious
plantars wart only can spread to - CORRECT ANSWER feet
free edge is filed - CORRECT ANSWER corner to center in one direction
onychaphagy - CORRECT ANSWER nail biting
gel nails require UV light to - CORRECT ANSWER cure or harden them
nail tips add - CORRECT ANSWER length
acrylic nail adds - CORRECT ANSWER strength and length and uses liquid monomer and powder
To strengthen natural nail or nail tips add - CORRECT ANSWER silk, fiberglass, or linen
onychogryposis - CORRECT ANSWER ingrown toe nail
file tonails straight across to avoid - CORRECT ANSWER ingrown toenails
manis - CORRECT ANSWER nails
pedis - CORRECT ANSWER feet
skin is the largest organ of the body and weighs about ___ pounds on an average adult - CORRECT ANSWER 5-7
verruca - CORRECT ANSWER wart; virus can spread anywhere
vitiligo - CORRECT ANSWER white spots on skin
Alopecia Areata - CORRECT ANSWER baldness in spots
alopecia prematura - CORRECT ANSWER baldness at young age
alopecia universalis - CORRECT ANSWER baldness all over entire body
canities - CORRECT ANSWER gray hair
Dermis - CORRECT ANSWER true layer; 25x thicker than epidermis (two layers)
Papillary layer - CORRECT ANSWER layer in dermis; nerve endings; blood vessels
reticular layer - CORRECT ANSWER layer in dermis; glands
eidermis - CORRECT ANSWER scarf skin; sheds; four layers
stratum corneum - CORRECT ANSWER layer of epidermis; horny layer of dead cells
stratum lucidium - CORRECT ANSWER layer of epidermis; transparent so all light can pass through cells
stratum granulosum - CORRECT ANSWER layer of epidermis; skin cells pigment melanin production
stratum germinativum - CORRECT ANSWER layer of epidermis; new skin cells melanin pigment
subcutaneous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER fatty adipose tissue
suderiferous gland - CORRECT ANSWER excretes sweat
sebaceous gland - CORRECT ANSWER secretes oil
comedone - CORRECT ANSWER blackhead
Milia - CORRECT ANSWER whitehead
uv light/tanning - CORRECT ANSWER protect eyes
infared used in facials wear - CORRECT ANSWER eye protection
water is _______ on the pH scale - CORRECT ANSWER neutral
alkaline harsh - CORRECT ANSWER neutral pH 7 acid more gentle
Acidic - CORRECT ANSWER Below 7 on the pH scale
Alkaline - CORRECT ANSWER having a pH greater than 7
deionized water has had - CORRECT ANSWER impurities removed
boiling water at 212 degrees Fahrenheit will destroy - CORRECT ANSWER bacteria
fresh water is purified by - CORRECT ANSWER sedimentation (matter sinks to bottom leaving fresh clear water)
tap water is purified by - CORRECT ANSWER filtration water is passed through filter then treated by chlorine to kill bacteria)
soft water is - CORRECT ANSWER rainwater or chemically treated water (shampoos lather easily because less minerals are present)
hard water is - CORRECT ANSWER well water; contains minerals; hard to lather
hydrogen bonds and salt bonds are - CORRECT ANSWER broken down by water
disulfide bonds can only be broken down by - CORRECT ANSWER chemicals (perms and relaxers)
distillation is when - CORRECT ANSWER the water evaporates and then condensation takes place and vapors turn back into a liquid and purifies the water
Temporary color - CORRECT ANSWER certified color; FDA approved; shampoos out; can't lighten; only deposits color large molecules; too big to penetrate so they coat hair shaft
Semipermanent color - CORRECT ANSWER no lift nonoxidation so not mixed with peroxide; designed to last 4-6 shampoos/weeks gradually fades; pigment molecules are small enough to partially penetrate hair shafts into cuticle and stains only deposits; no lightening
demi-permanent - CORRECT ANSWER also known as no-lift deposit color but is mixed with a very low volume developer making it last longer/ some use alkalizing agents other than ammonia or hydrogen peroxide making them less alkaline/ used for introducing color and blending greys/ works by penetrating cuticle and slightly into cortex/ can be used as a color filler in color correction
Permanent hair color - CORRECT ANSWER can both lighten and deposit pigment at the same time in a single process/application; best for grey coverage; can be used to match color, or lighten color, cover greys; works by using precursor uncolored dye molecules small enough to penetrate fully past cuticle into cortex layer where the precursor molecules combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger color molecules that get trapped in cortex because of their new size thereby coloring your hair because the molecules are too big to be shampooed out
aniline derivative tint means - CORRECT ANSWER the same thing as Oxidative tint/ certified color and permanent color/paraphenylenediamine is coal tar derivative ingredient used in hair colors
Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER pigment and it is in the cortex that color can be deposited or lightened/lifted
developers are also called - CORRECT ANSWER oxidizing agents and catalysts
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - CORRECT ANSWER most used developer in haircoloring
volume of developers - CORRECT ANSWER 10 volume is used to stay same level but change tone or to go darker; 20 volume is used to go up two levels; 30 volume is used to go up three levels; 40 volume is used to go up four levels; to go higher than four levels then prelighten then tone by double process color, use 20 volume for grey coverage. if out of developer, use next higher and dilute by using equal parts distilled water
Hair color formulation steps - CORRECT ANSWER 1. determine the clients natural color 2. Determine what tones (warm or cool) the client desires 3. Determine if they are going lighter or darker 4. Determine what volume developer based on the number of lift or deposit and determine the color based on the desired level combined with the desired tones
fillers are used to - CORRECT ANSWER even out porosity so the color formula takes more evenly from roots to ends; its meant to replace the missing primary colors; usually color fillers are a combination of color and conditioner, or straight color no developer; it is applied to dry hair first then the prepared color formula is applied right on top of the filler then processed as normal
hair color safety - CORRECT ANSWER wear PPE, mix in glass or plastic bowls (no metal bowls), have MSD paperwork on hand for all chemicals in the salon, follow manufacturer's instructions, be sure to do a predisposition/patch/allergy test 24 to 48 hours prior to chemical services, maintain record cards, have release statement signed by all chemical service clients, don't agitate the scalp prior to chemical services, don't proceed if there are abrasions on scalp; don't prepare color/lighteners until you are ready to use and discard in closed receptacle when done' don't apply color if metallic salts are present or over henna [Show Less]