NR507 Midterm Exam (Latest-2021, Version-3) / NR 507 Midterm Exam / NR507 Week 4 Midterm Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing
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NR507 Week 4 Midterm Exam / NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing
Chamberlain NR 507 Midterm Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Midterm Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology
Question 1.
Question
Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking?
Alcohol
Steroids
Antihistamines
Antidepressants
Question 2.
Question
Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Myoplasia
Anaplasia
Question 3.
Question
What is the final stage of the infectious process?
Colonization
Invasion
Multiplication
Spread
Question 4.
Question
What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children?
Folic acid deficiency
Iron deficiency
Hemoglobin abnormality
Erythrocyte abnormality
Question 5.
Question
Which statement is true concerning the IgM?
IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.
IgM mediates many common allergic responses.
IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.
IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta.
Question 6.
Question
Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?
Trachea
Left lung
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Question 7.
Question
What is the role of caretaker genes?
Maintenance of genomic integrity
Proliferation of cancer cells
Secretion of growth factors
Restoration of normal tissue structure
Question 8.
Question
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
T lymphocytes
Question 9.
Question
When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected?
Genital herpes
Chancroid
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Question 10.
Question
What is the action of urodilatin?
Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.
It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles.
Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion.
It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.
Question 11.
Question
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
I
II
III
IV
Question 12.
Question
What is the life span of platelets (in days)?
10
30
90
120
Question 13.
Question
An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody?
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE
Question 14.
Question
What is the role of collagen in the clotting process?
Initiates the clotting cascade.
Activates platelets.
Stimulates fibrin.
Deactivates fibrinogen.
Question 15.
Question
How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved?
126 mg/dl
150 mg/dl
180 mg/dl
200 mg/dl
Question 16.
Question
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.
Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.
Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.
Question 17.
Question
How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?
75 to 100 ml
100 to 150 ml
250 to 300 ml
350 to 400 ml
Question 18.
Question
Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?
Capillary hydrostatic
Interstitial hydrostatic
Plasma oncotic
Interstitial oncotic
Question 19.
Question
Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?
Retropharyngeal abscess
Laryngospasms
Rupturing of the tonsils
Gagging induced aspiration
Question 20.
Question
Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?
Parental history of asthma
Serum testing that confirms increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil levels
Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing
Improvement on a trial of asthma medication
Question 21.
Question
Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants?
Atelectasis and pneumonia
Edema of the hands and feet
Stasis ulcers of the hands, ankles, and feet
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
Question 22.
Question
What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?
Glomerular filtration
Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Increased heart rate
Compensatory hypertrophy
Question 23.
Question
If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate (depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV) node depolarize?
Question
If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate (depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV) node depolarize?
60 to 70
40 to 60
30 to 40
10 to 20
Question 24.
Question
How is most carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood transported?
Attached to oxygen
In the form of bicarbonate
Combined with albumin
Dissolved in the plasma
Question 25.
Question
What is the trigone?
A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter
The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys
A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle
Question 26.
Question
The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?
Ovarian
Uterine
Cervical
Vaginal
Question 27.
Question
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?
Vagus
Phrenic
Brachial
Pectoral
Question 28.
Question
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an)
Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Question 29.
Question
Causes of hyperkalemia include
Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition
Vomiting and diarrhea
Renal failure and Addison disease
Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease
Question 30.
Question
Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
Their noses are small in diameter.
Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing.
Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult’s.
Question 31.
Question
Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?
Peripheral nerves
Parasympathetic fibers
Sympathetic nervous system
Tenth thoracic nerve roots
Question 32.
Question
What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?
Stimulates antidiuretic hormones.
Inhibits antidiuretic hormones.
Stimulates renin and aldosterone.
Inhibits renin and aldosterone.
Question 33.
Question
Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infant’s
High body surface–to–body size ratio
Slow metabolic rate
Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
Question 34.
Question
What is the first stage in the infectious process?
Invasion
Colonization
Spread
Multiplication
Question 35.
Question
Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?
The resulting pain is severe.
Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
Benign tumors are fast growing.
The cells are well-differentiated.
Question 36.
Question
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Question 37.
Question
Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?
0 and 1
2 and 4
5 and 6
6 and 7
Question 38.
Question
The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location?
Bones
Brain
Bladder
Kidney
Question 39.
Question
An infant’s hemoglobin must fall below ___ g/dl before signs of pallor, tachycardia, and systolic murmurs occur.
11
9
7
5
Question 40.
Question
Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder?
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Pulmonary edema
Jugular vein distention
Question 41.
Question
What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
Immature immune system
Small alveoli
Surfactant deficiency
Anemia
Question 42.
Question
Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life?
Monocytes
Platelets
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Question 43.
Question
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
Bounding pulse felt on palpation
Cyanosis observed on excretion
Murmur heard on auscultation
Question 44.
Question
What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?
20 to 30
60 to 90
100 to 120
200 to 240
Question 45.
Question
What is the most important negative inotropic agent?
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Question 46.
Question
Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?
Perfusion
Ventilation
Respiration
Diffusion
Question 47.
Question
What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?
Exercise and body position activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
Question 48.
Question
What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D?
Erythropoietin
Thyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
Question 49.
Question
Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted?
A
B
C
D
Question 50.
Question
Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?
Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.
Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.
Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. [Show Less]