NR507 Midterm Exam (Latest-2021, Version-1) / NR 507 Midterm Exam / NR507 Week 4 Midterm Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing
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NR507 Week 4 Midterm Exam / NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing
Chamberlain NR 507 Midterm Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Midterm Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology
1. Question : What is the final stage of the infectious process?
Colonization
Invasion
Multiplication
Spread
Question 2. Question : Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?
Trachea
Left lung
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Question 3. Question : What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
Immature immune system
Small alveoli
Surfactant deficiency
Anemia
Question 4. Question : Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?
The resulting pain is severe.
Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
Benign tumors are fast growing.
The cells are well-differentiated.
Question 5. Question : Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
Lying on their left side
Performing the Valsalva maneuver
Squatting
Hyperventilating
Question 6. Question : Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
IL–1 and IL-6
IL-2 and TNF-
IFN and IL-12
TNF-ß and IL-4
Question 7. Question : Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
Has type A blood and the fetus has type O
Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B
Question 8. Question : Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic?
Difficult deflation
Easy inflation
Stiffness
Inability to diffuse oxygen
Question 9. Question : Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?
Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.
Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.
Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
Question 10. Question : What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?
1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell)
1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells)
1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells)
1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells)
Question 11. Question : How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved?
126 mgdl
150 mgdl
180 mgdl
200 mgdl
Question 12. Question : What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
Low birth weight
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Premature birth
Smoking during pregnancy
Question 13. Question : Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Question 14. Question : Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition
Vomiting and diarrhea
Renal failure and Addison disease
Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease
Question 15. Question : Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?
0 and 1
2 and 4
5 and 6
6 and 7
Question 16. Question : What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?
Hypotension
Hyperesthesia
Hypoxia
Ischemia
Question 17. Question : What is the life span of platelets (in days)?
10
30
90
120
Question 18. Question : What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?
Macula densa
Visceral epithelium
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Filtration slits
Question 19. Question : An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Question 20. Question : The coronary ostia are located in the:
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Coronary sinus
Aorta
Question 21. Question : The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the:
Proximal convoluted tubules
Distal tubules
Ascending loop of Henle
Descending loop of Henle
Question 22. Question : The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?
Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)
Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot
Degrading the fibrin within blood clots
Question 23. Question : Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma?
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA
Question 24. Question : Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
I
II
III
IV
Question 25. Question : Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Adrenal cortex
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Limbic system
Question 26. Question : Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta (COA) and pulmonary stenosis (PS)
Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
Atrial septal defect (ASD) and dextrocardia
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Question 27. Question : What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D?
Erythropoietin
Thyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
Question 28. Question : Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?
Perfusion
Ventilation
Respiration
Diffusion
Question 29. Question : Where are antibodies produced?
Helper T lymphocytes
Thymus gland
Plasma cells
Bone marrow
Question 30. Question : What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children?
Folic acid deficiency
Iron deficiency
Hemoglobin abnormality
Erythrocyte abnormality
Question 31. Question : In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a:
Basal cell
Target cell
Caretaker gene
Proto-oncogene
Question 32. Question : Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants?
Atelectasis and pneumonia
Edema of the hands and feet
Stasis ulcers of the hands, ankles, and feet
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
Question 33. Question : What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?
20 to 30
60 to 90
100 to 120
200 to 240
Question 34. Question : Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Myoplasia
Anaplasia
Question 35. Question : Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted?
A
B
C
D
Question 36. Question : What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
Consolidation
Pulmonary edema
Atelectasis
Bronchiolar plugging
Question 37. Question : What is the action of urodilatin?
Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.
It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles.
Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion.
It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.
Question 38. Question : Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia?
Aplastic
Sideroblastic
Anemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency
Question 39. Question : The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur?
Right-to-left blood shunting
Left-to-right blood shunting
Blood flow from the umbilical cord
Blood flow to the lungs
Question 40. Question : What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
Globulin
Albumin
Clotting factors
Complement proteins
Question 41. Question : When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected?
Genital herpes
Chancroid
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Question 42. Question : During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
T lymphocytes
Question 43. Question : What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?
Stimulates antidiuretic hormones.
Inhibits antidiuretic hormones.
Stimulates renin and aldosterone.
Inhibits renin and aldosterone.
Question 44. Question : Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Question 45. Question : What is the first stage in the infectious process?
Invasion
Colonization
Spread
Multiplication
Question 46. Question : Which drug may be prescribed orally for outbreak management of herpes simplex viral (HSV) infections?
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Zidovudine (AZT) (Retrovir)
Bichloroacetic acid (BCA)
Question 47. Question : What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?
Decreased dietary intake
Chronic blood loss
Vitamin deficiency
Autoimmune disease
Question 48. Question : Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition
Vomiting and diarrhea
Renal failure and Addison disease
Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease
Question 49. Question : A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of the following?
No antigens
No antibodies
Both A and B antigens
Both A and B antibodies
Question 50. Question : Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
Question 51. Question : Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?
The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood.
The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterload of the heart.
The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung, which has a low pressure.
The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.
Question 52. Question : Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?
Parental history of asthma
Serum testing that confirms increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil levels
Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing
Improvement on a trial of asthma medication
Question 53. Question : The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?
Vagus
Phrenic
Brachial
Pectoral
Question 54. Question : The generation of clonal diversity occurs primarily during which phase of life?
Fetal
Neonatal
Infancy
Puberty
Question 55. Question : What is the role of collagen in the clotting process?
Initiates the clotting cascade.
Activates platelets.
Stimulates fibrin.
Deactivates fibrinogen.
Question 56. Question : What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
Bounding pulse felt on palpation
Cyanosis observed on excretion
Murmur heard on auscultation
Question 57. Question : The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location?
Bones
Brain
Bladder
Kidney
Question 58. Question : What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium retention
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
Question 59. Question : Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder?
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Pulmonary edema
Jugular vein distention
Question 60. Question : Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Yeasts [Show Less]