NR507 Final Exam (Latest-2021, Version-3) / NR 507 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100%
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NR507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing
Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology
Question 1
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
Refractory
Threshold
Sinoatrial (SA)
Hyperpolarization
Question 2
What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child?
106/58 mm Hg
104/55 mm Hg
112/62 mm Hg
121/70 mm Hg
Question 3
Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?
Yeast
Cancer cells
Fungus
Bacteria
Question 4
An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Question 5
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Question 6
How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?
An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.
Question 7
What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
Hair loss
Nausea
Weight loss
Fatigue
Question 8
At birth, which statement is true?
Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.
Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.
Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.
Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.
Question 9
What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?
Vitamin B12 by injection
Cyanocobalamin by oral intake
Folate by oral intake
Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection
Question 10
Which disease is an example of a rickettsial infection?
Cholera
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Sleeping sickness
Candida
Question 11
Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?
The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport.
The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system.
The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age.
The antibodies are directly related to the mother’s nutritional intake.
Question 12
Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer?
Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor.
Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer.
Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer.
Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer.
Question 13
During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?
The nodes fill with purulent exudate.
B lymphocytes proliferate.
The nodes are not properly functioning.
The nodes are inflamed.
Question 14
What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
Starvation
Cardiovascular disease
Infectious disease
Traumatic injury
Question 15
Which renal change is found in older adults?
Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate
Decrease in urine output
Sharp decline in renal blood flow
Decrease in the number of nephrons
Question 16
After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months?
24 to 36
18 to 20
6 to 14
1 to 2
Question 17
Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis?
Neisseria syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Haemophilusducreyi
Question 18
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?
IgE
IgG
T cells
IgM
Question 19
Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as:
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Question 20
In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?
Spleen
Regional lymph nodes
Thymus gland
Bone marrow
Question 21
Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?
V
IX
X
VIII
Question 22
Which of the following causes condylomataacuminata or genital warts?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
Chlamydia
Adenovirus
Question 23
Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful?
Alarm
Adaptation
Flight or fight
Arousal
Question 24
Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Question 25
Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?
Uromodulin
Urodilatin
Cystatin
Nephrin
Question 26
Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n):
Functional scar
Thecal follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus luteum
Question 27
The most critical aspect in correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:
Health history
Computed tomographic (CT) scan
Skull x-ray studies
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Question 28
Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?
Alkaline phosphatase
Calcium
Total protein
Phosphorus
Question 29
How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?
It increases and strengthens the heart rate.
The release of epinephrine causes shivering.
It raises the metabolic rate.
It affects muscle tone.
Question 30
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
Premenstrual syndrome
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Primary dysmenorrhea
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Question 31
What happens to the vagina’s lining at puberty?
It becomes thinner.
It becomes thicker.
It assumes a neutral pH.
It undergoes atrophy.
Question 32
Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults?
Children have diarrhea more often than adults.
Less water is absorbed from the colon in children.
Fluid reserves are smaller in children.
Children have a higher fluid volume intake.
Question 33
The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:
Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations
HLA associations and positive family history
Autoantibodies and obesity
Obesity and positive family history
Question 34
What is the leading cause of infertility in women?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Endometriosis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Salpingitis
Question 35
Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?
Tenfold
Fourfold
Threefold
Twofold
Question 36
Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone?
Ligament
Tendon
Bursa
Mesentery
Question 37
Which term is used to describe an intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the ileocecal valve?
Volvulus
Intussusception
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
Malrotation
Question 38
The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:
Disunion
Fracture
Sprain
Strain
Question 39
Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?
Hyperkinesia
Paroxysmal
Tardive
Cardive
Question 40
Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?
Growth hormone
Oxytocin
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Question 41
It is true that myasthenia gravis:
Is an acute autoimmune disease.
Causes muscle weakness.
May result in adrenergic crisis.
Affects the nerve roots.
Question 42
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?
Increases serum magnesium.
Decreases serum calcium.
Increases serum calcium.
Decreases serum magnesium.
Question 43
An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?
Embryonic
Chorionic
Alpha fetoprotein
Amniotic
Question 44
Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates?
Chymotrypsin
Trypsin
Amylase
Lipase
Question 45
What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain?
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Limbic system
Parietal lobe
Question 46
Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium
Question 47
The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone?
Cortisol.
Insulin
Thyroxine
Antidiuretic hormone
Question 48
In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:
Disruption of the pituitary
Physiologic hormonal delays
Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
Disruption in the hypothalamus
Question 49
Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?
Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney
Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder
Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys
Colonization of the bladder when urine is static
Question 50
Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?
Dementia syndrome
Delirium
Alzheimer disease
Parkinson disease
Question 51
Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection?
Estrogen levels are low.
The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8.
Vaginal pH becomes more acidic.
A thin squamous epithelial lining develops.
Question 52
The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?
Incidence
Ratio
Risk
Prevalence
Question 53
Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome?
Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair
High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90
Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness
Question 54
Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon
Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint
Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament
Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow
Question 55
Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)?
Abducens (CN VI)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Optic (CN I)
Oculomotor (CN III)
Question 56
What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
Gradual decrease in estrogen levels
Gradual increase in estrogen levels
Sudden increase of LH
Sharp rise in progesterone levels
Question 57
Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?
Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue
Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally
Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles
Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps
Question 58
Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Lack of social interaction
Blunted affect
Auditory hallucinations
Poverty of speech
Question 59
What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?
Collagen fibers
Elastin fibers
Sharpey fibers
Glycoproteins
Question 60
At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?
Pyloric stenosis
Galactosemia
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
Esophageal atresia
Question 61
Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure?
Sebaceous glands
Eyelids
Meibomian glands
Conjunctiva
Question 62
The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they:
Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.
Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.
Question 63
What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout?
Spurs
Stones
Nodes
Tophi
Question 64
The presence of a zygote having one chromosome with the normal complement of genes and one with a missing gene is characteristic of which genetic disorder?
Cri du chat
Down syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Question 65
Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?
Relative
Modifiable
Empirical
Genetic
Question 66
Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones?
Estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Question 67
Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
Smoking
Hypertension
Polycythemia
Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus
Question 68
When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone?
Synergistic
Direct
Permissive
Pharmacologic
Question 69
Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?
Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation
Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation
Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction
Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling
Question 70
Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?
Hypothalamus
Limbic system
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
.
Question 71
Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?
A depressed Hispanic woman
A man diagnosed with schizophrenia
An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday
An individual on the second day after hip replacement
Question 72
Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of:
Calcium
Water
Sodium
Magnesium
Question 73
What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis?
Hyperspadias
Hypospadias
Chordee
Epispadias
Question 74
Considering the mediating factors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which medication may be used either continually or only during the menstrual period as a treatment for the condition?
SSRIs
Estrogen
NSAIDs
Progesterone
Question 75
A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?
12
3
9
6 [Show Less]