What happens during absorption? - CORRECT ANSWER movement of drug from site of
administration into bloodstream for distribution to the tissues
What
... [Show More] happens during distribution? - CORRECT ANSWER transport of a drug by the
bloodstream to its site of action
What happens during metabolism/biotrasnformation? - CORRECT ANSWER biochemical
alteration of a drug in the liver into inactive or active metabolite: occurs after distribution
What happens during excretion? - CORRECT ANSWER the body eliminates the drug from the
body using the renal system/Kidneys
Why can't extended release or enteric coated oral medications be crushed? - CORRECT
ANSWER They could cause accelerated release of the drug from the dosage form and cause
possible toxicity
How can you help a client who has swallowing difficulties take their oral medications? -
CORRECT ANSWER You can crush a tablet or open a capsule.
Capsules, powder, or liquid contents can often be added to soft foods such as applesauce or
pudding and can be dissolved in a beverage
What is first-pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER a drug that is absorbed from the intestine that
must first pass through the liver before reaching systemic circulation
What are 3 first-pass routes? - CORRECT ANSWER oral, nasogastric tube, PEG tube
Enteral routes FASTEST to SLOWEST - CORRECT ANSWER Buccal/Sublingual
Liquids, elixirs, & syrup
Tablet
Enteric coated tablet
Parenteral routes from FASTEST to SLOWEST - CORRECT ANSWER Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
What is an agonist? - CORRECT ANSWER a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of
one or more receptors in the body
What is an antagonist? - CORRECT ANSWER a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of
one or more receptors in the body`
Define prototype drug - CORRECT ANSWER first form of a drug in a class
Define drug nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER refers to a drug's name
Define drug classification - CORRECT ANSWER class name of a drug
Define pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWER clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat
diseases
Define pharmcodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER the study of what the DRUG does to the
BODY
Define onset of action - CORRECT ANSWER time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic
response after dosing
Define peak level - CORRECT ANSWER maximum concentration of a drug in the body
Define duration - CORRECT ANSWER length of time the concentration of a drug in the
blood/tissues is able to elicit a response
Define pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER the study of what the BODY does to the
DRUG
Define therapeutic level - CORRECT ANSWER desired or intended effect of a particular
medication
Define trough level - CORRECT ANSWER lowest concentration of medication within the body
after it is reduced from the peak level
What does hepatic metabolism involve the activity of? - CORRECT ANSWER the enzyme P450
Define enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER the substance that catalyze nearly every biochemical
reaction in a cell
Define receptor - CORRECT ANSWER reactive site on the surface or inside of the cell
Define acute therapy - CORRECT ANSWER implemented in the acutely ill
Define maintenance therapy - CORRECT ANSWER used for the treatment of chronic illnesses
such as hypertension
Define supplemental therapy - CORRECT ANSWER supplies the body with a substance needed
to maintain normal function
Define palliative therapy - CORRECT ANSWER makes the patient as comfortable as possible
Define supportive therapy - CORRECT ANSWER maintain integrity of body functions while the
patient recovers from trauma or illness
Define prophylactic therapy - CORRECT ANSWER therapy provided to prevent illness
Define monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER evaluate the clinical response of the patient to the
treatment
Define therapeutic index - CORRECT ANSWER the ration of a drug's toxic level to the level
that provides therapeutic benefits
Define drug concentration - CORRECT ANSWER drug reaching a certain concentration in the
blood
Define tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER a decreasing response to repeated drug doses
Define dependence - CORRECT ANSWER physiological or psychological need for a drug
Define drug interaction - CORRECT ANSWER alteration of the action of one drug by another
Define contraindication - CORRECT ANSWER any patient condition that makes the use of a
drug dangerous for a patient
Define idiosyncratic - CORRECT ANSWER an abnormal or unexpected response to a
medication exhibited by a specific individual
Define synergistic - CORRECT ANSWER combination of two or more medications's effects is
more that the sum of each medication alone
Define additive affects - CORRECT ANSWER when two drugs with similar actions are given
together, they can have additive effects (1 + 1 = 2)
Define synergistic effects - CORRECT ANSWER when two drugs administered together interact
in such a way that their combined effects are greater than the sum of the effects for each drug
given alone (1 + 1 = greater than 2)
Define antagonistic effects - CORRECT ANSWER when the combination of two drugs results in
drug effects that are less than the sum of the effects for each drug given separately (1 + 1 = less
than 2)
Define incompatibility - CORRECT ANSWER when two PARENTERAL drugs or solutions are
mixed together and the result is a chemical deterioration of one or both of the drugs or the
formation of a physical precipitate [Show Less]