The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which menu items indicate that the client understands what has
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a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
b. Boiled lobster, baked potato
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
d. Instant hot cereal with bacon
e. Tomato soup with a ham sandwich - correct answer Spaghetti/fresh tomatoes
Grilled chicken, turnip greens
Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables, which do not contain physiologic saline. Fresh poultry and pastas are also low in sodium. Highly processed and refined foods such as lunch meats are high in sodium unless specifically labeled "low sodium". Saltwater fish and shellfish are higher in sodium.
A clear liquid diet has been prescribed for a client who has just undergone surgery. Which foods should the nurse offer? SATA
a. Custard
b. Apple juice
c. Orange juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
f. Vanilla ice cream - correct answer Apple Juice, Chicken Broth, and Orange gelatin
A clear liquid diet consists of foods, such as apple juice, chicken broth, and gelatin. Which are relatively transparent. Custard, orange juice, and vanilla ice cream are components of a full liquid diet.
A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu suggestions by the client indicate the need for further instruction? SATA
a. Carrots
b. Tapioca
c. Scallops
d. Broccoli
e. Chicken liver - correct answer Scallops, Chicken liver
Rationale: Organ meats such as liver, as well as certain seafoods, including scallops, sardines, and herring, should be omitted from the diet of a client with gout due to high purine content. The foods identified in other options can be consumed freely by this client.
Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with history of HTN. Which fruits should the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while on this medication?
a. Prunes
b. Apples
c. Peaches
d. Avocados
e. Nectarines
f. Cranberries - correct answer Apples, Peaches, Cranberries
Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client must omit foods high in potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include prunes, avocados, bananas, fresh oranges, and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas.
Diverticulitis is diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of GI cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during the asymptomatic period?
a. Low in fat
b. High in fiber
c. Low in residue
d. High in carbs - correct answer High-fiber
When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits, veggies, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small amount of bran daily and to take bulk-forming laxatives, if prescribed, to increase stool mass and softness. Increasing fluids to 2500-3000 mL daily is also important.
A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the client include in the diet? SATA
a. Avocados
b. Baked tuna
c. Green olives
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
f. Cream cheese - correct answer Baked tuna, baked potato, fresh cherries
Fruits and veggies tend to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal sources, although olives, though technically a fruit, are high in fat along with avocados . Fish is naturally lower in fat. Meats and dairy products such as cream cheese are higher in fat, although modifications can be made to these foods to reduce fat content.
A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? SATA
a. Kale
b. Cherries
c. Broccoli
d. Cabbage
e. Potatoes
f. Spaghetti - correct answer Cherries, potatoes, spaghetti
Anticoagulant medications work by antagonizing the action of vitamin K, which is needed for clotting. When a client is taking an anticoagulant, foods high in vitamin K are often omitted from the diet. Vitamin K is found in large amounts in green, leafy veggies such as kale, broccoli, spinach, brussels sprouts, cabbage, and turnip greens. Cherries, potatoes, and spaghetti are low in vitamin K.
A regular diet has been prescribed for a client with a leg fracture who has been placed in skeletal traction. Which foods will promote wound healing?
a. Spare ribs, rice, gelatin, tea
b. Pasta, garlic bread, ginger ale
c. Chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, milk
d. Peanutbutter and jelly sandwich, chocolate cake, tea - correct answer Chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, milk
Protein and vitamin C are needed for wound healing. Poultry and milk are good sources of protein; broccoli and strawberries are good sources of vitamin C. Peanutbutter is a source if niacin. Gelatin, jelly, tea, and ginger ale have no nutritional value. Pasta, rice and bread delivery complex carbs. Spare ribs may contain some protein but are high in fat.
A client who experienced a stroke is experiencing residual dysphagia. Which food should be removed from his meal tray?
a. Peas
b. Scrambled eggs
c. Cheese casserole
d. Mashed potatoes - correct answer Peas
In general, flavorful, warm, or well-chilled foods with texture stimulate swallow reflex. Moist pastas, casseroles, egg dishes, and potatoes are usually well tolerated. Raw veggies, chunky veggies such as diced beets, stringy veggies, and those with skin such as corn and peas are foods commonly excluded from a diet of a client with dysphagia.
A client recovering from acute kidney injury is being discharged. The nurse determine that the client understands the diet regimen when the client states that he will plan a diet low in which substance?
a. Fats
b. Vitamins
c. Potassium
d. Carbs - correct answer Potassium
Most excretion of potassium and control of potassium balance is carried out by the kidneys. In a client with AKI, potassium intake is limited. The primary mechanism of potassium removal during AKI is dialysis.
A client is resuming eating after undergoing partial gastrectomy. What measures should the nurse tell the client to take to minimize the risk of complications? SATA
a. Lying down after eating
b. Eating high-protein foods
c. Drinking liquids with meals
d. Eating 6 small meals per day
e. Eating concentrated sweets during the day - correct answer Lying down after meals, eating high-protein foods, eating 6 small meals a day
The client who has undergone partial gastrectomy is at risk for dumping syndrome. This client should be prescribed a diet that is high in protein, moderate in fat, and low in carbs. The client should lie down after meals and avoid drinking liquids with meals. Frequent small meals are encouraged. The client should also avoid concentrated sweets.
A client with renal calculi is instructed to follow an alkaline ash diet. Which menu choice by the client indicates understanding?
a. Chicken, potatoes, cranberries
b. Spinach salad, milk, banana
c. Peanut butter sandwich, milk, prunes
d. Linguini with shrimp, salad, a plum - correct answer Spinach salad, milk, banana
In an alkaline ash diet, all fruits are allowed except cranberries, prunes, and plums. The other options are of an acid ash diet.
A client who has sustained multiple fracture of the left leg is in skeletal traction. The nurse has obtained an overhead trapeze to improve the client's bed mobility. To which high-risk area must the nurse pay particular attention during assessment for indications of pressure and skin breakdown?
a. Left heel
b. Scapulae
c. Right heel
d. Back of the head - correct answer Right heel
Certain areas are under pressure and at risk for breakdown in the client who is in skeletal traction. These areas include the elbows (if they are used for repositioning) and the heel of the unaffected leg, which is used as a brace when the client pushes up from the bed. Other such pressure points include popliteal space, achilles tendon, and the ischial tuberosity.
Which food should the nurse offer to a client who has been prescribed a full liquid diet?
a. Toast
b. Plain bagel
c. Cooked custard
d. Scrambled eggs - correct answer Cooked custard
A full liquid diet consists of liquid foods that are clear or opaque liquid foods, including those that are liquid at room temperature. Cooked custard is allowed. Toast and a bagel are allowed on a regular diet; scrambled eggs are allowed on a soft diet.
A client with HF and HTN who has been admitted to the hospital is unable to make own selections from the menu. What meal does the nurse select for the client's supper?
a. Smoked ham, fresh carrots, boiled potato
b. Hot dog in a bun, sauerkraut, baked beans
c. Turkey, baked potato, salad with oil and vinegar
d. Shrimp, baked potato, salad with blue cheese dressing - correct answer Turkey, baked potato, salad with oil and vinegar
Foods that are high in sodium should be limited in the diet of this client. Foods in the meat group that are higher in sodium include bacon, lunch meat, chipped or corned beef, ham, hot dogs, kosher meat, smoked or salted meat or fish, and a variety of shellfish. These foods should be avoided or strictly limited for clients with HTN.
The nurse teaches a client who has begun taking phenelzine, a MAOI, about the medication. Which foods when selected indicate the need for further teaching?
a. Peas
b. Broccoli
c. Potatoes
d. Red wine
e. Avocados
f. Cereal with raisins - correct answer Red wine, avocados, raisins
Because phenelzine is an MAOI, the client should avoid foods that are high in tyramine, which could trigger a potentially fatal hypertensive crisis. Foods to avoid include aged cheeses, smoked or processed meats, raisins, avocados, figs, beer. Veggies with the exception of broad-bean pods are generally acceptable.
A client with a genitourinary tract infection has been prescribed metronidazole and fluid therapy. The nurse concludes that the client understands the dietary regimen to be followed when the client states to eliminate what from the diet?
a. Alcohol
b. Diet cola
c. Bran flakes
d. Chicken livers - correct answer Alcohol
A disulfiram-type reaction may result when someone taking metronidazole ingests alcohol. This syndrome includes palpitations, SOB, severe headache, flushing, and nausea.
Calcitriol is prescribed for a client with hypocalcemia. The nurse has instructed the client in foods that may interfere with calcium absorption. The nurse realizes the teaching is effective if the client verbalizes the importance of limiting which items? SATA
a. Bran
b. Milk
c. Clams
d. Spinach
e. Orange juice - correct answer Bran, Spinach
The client taking a medication to treat hypocalcemia should be instructed to avoid excessive consumption of spinach, rhubarb, bran, and whole-grain cereals, which all may limit calcium absorption. Good dietary sources of calcium include milk, dark-green leafy veggies, clams, oysters, sardines, and orange juice.
The nurse provides instructions to a client two is beginning therapy with oral theophylline. The nurse recognizes that the client understands the instructions when she states she should limit what in the diet?
a. Coffee, chocolate, cola
b. Oysters, lobster, shrimp
c. Apples, oranges, pineapple
d. Cottage cheese, cream cheese, dairy creamers - correct answer Coffee, cola, chocolate
Theophylline is a bronchodilator, and the nurse teaches the client to limit intake of xanthine-containing foods while taking this medication.
A client with a UTI has been started on nitrofurantoin, a urinary antiseptic. The client is taught about foods that will keep the urine acidic. Which food should the nurse tell the client to eliminate?
a. Prunes
b. Oranges
c. Rhubarb
d. Cranberries - correct answer Rhubarb
When a client is taking nitrofurantoin, the urinary pH must be acidic. The client will be on an acid ash diet. Rhubarb reduces acidity of urine and should be avoided.
For which vitamin deficiency should the nurse monitor the client who is on a vegan diet?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin E - correct answer Vitamin B12
The client on a vegan diet does not consume animal products and is therefore at risk for B12 deficiency. Fruits and veggies, which are acceptable to a vegan, contains vitamins A, C and E.
A client with cirrhosis has an increased ammonia level. Which diet does the nurse anticipate will be of benefit to the client?
a. One low in protein
b. One high in fluids
c. One high in carbs
d. One with a moderate amount of fat - correct answer Low protein
A low-protein diet would be prescribed for the client with cirrhosis who has an increased ammonia level. Protein in the diet is transported to the liver by the portal vein after digestion and absorption. The liver breaks down protein, forming ammonia.
A nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with cholecystitis. Which menu selection by the client indicates understanding?
a. Roast turkey, baked potato
b. Fruit plate with whipped cream
c. Fried chicken, mac and cheese
d. BBQ ribs, buttered noodles - correct answer Roast turkey, baked potato
The client with cholecystitis should reduce intake of fat. Foods that should generally be avoided to achieve this end include sauces and gravies, fatty meats, fried foods, products made with cream, and heavy desserts.
A client is found to have ulcerative colitis, and the nurse provides instructions to the client about the diet that should be followed while the disease is in remission. Which option is best?
a. Milk
b. Cabbage
c. Boiled potatoes
d. Coffee with cream - correct answer Boiled potatoes
During remission, the client must avoid intestinal stimulants such as alcohol, caffeinated beverages, high-fat foods, gas-forming foods, milk products, and raw fruits and veggies that are very high in fiber. Vitamins and iron supplements may be prescribed.
A nurse has taught a client with a new colostomy about measure to control odor in the ostomy drainage bag. Which foods listed indicate that the client has understood? SATA
a. eggs
b. yogurt
c. parsley
d. broccoli
e. cucumbers
f. cranberry juice - correct answer Yogurt, parsley, cranberry juice
Deodorizing foods for the client with an ostomy include beet greens, parsley, buttermilk, cranberry juice, and yogurt. Eggs, broccoli, and cucumbers are gas-forming foods.
A nurse is teaching a client with an ileostomy about foods that could result in the production of liquid stools. Which food selected to eat indicates need for further instruction?
a. Bran
b. Pasta
c. Boiled rice
d. Low-fat cheese - correct answer Bran
Ileostomy output is liquid. The addition or elimination of various foods can help thicken this liquid drainage. Bran is high in fiber and will increase output of liquid stool. Foods that help thicken the stool of a client with an ileostomy include pasta, boiled rice, and low-fat cheese.
A client with liver cancer who is undergoing chemotherapy tells the nurse that some foods on [Show Less]