When herpes zoster virus (HZV) is reactivated in an immunocompromised patient, it can cause which painful and serious condition?
A. Measles
B.
... [Show More] Shingles
C. Genital sores
D. Mouth ulcers - correct answer B. Shingles
The nurse is participating in a care-planning conference for a patient who prefers to avoid taking more medications to treat Kaposi sarcoma. What option might be offered?
A. HAART
B. Radiotherapy
C. Chemotherapy
D. Topical ointments - correct answer B. Radiotherapy
A patient with AIDS states that several purple and white "spots" have appeared on the arm and the chest; they are not painful and are nonpruritic. Several days after the appearance of these spots, the patient believes there is also some blood in the stool. What might be the cause of the skin lesions and the blood in the stool?
A. Kaposi sarcoma
B. Herpes simplex
C. Herpes zoster
D. Basal cell carcinoma - correct answer A. Kaposi sarcoma
The caregiver for a patient with AIDS requires some input on maximizing calorie and nutrient intake. The caregiver states that the patient tolerates liquids better than solid food. The nurse can suggest which nutrient-dense liquid supplement?
A. Homemade eggnog
B. One or two soft-cooked eggs
C. Applesauce with a crushed multivitamin
D. Meal replacement beverages, such as Ensure or Carnation Instant Breakfast - correct answer D. Meal replacement beverages, such as Ensure or Carnation Instant Breakfast
A public health nurse is participating in a community health forum for World AIDS Day. Which statement by a community member indicates the need for additional teaching?
A. "AIDS was recognized as a new pathogen in the early 1980s."
B. "Men who have sex with men were the first group to be affected by AIDS."
C. "Scientists believe the original source of HIV infection in humans was from gorillas."
D. "In 1986, the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses were isolated as the viruses that cause AIDS." - correct answer C. "Scientists believe the original source of HIV infection in humans was from gorillas."
The nurse is explaining the need to protect an immunocompromised HIV patient from infection to the patient's family. The nurse explains that the patient is immunocompromised because the pathophysiology of HIV centers on which process?
A. Destruction of the T4 cells
B. Insufficient number of neutrophils
C. Inhibition of the inflammatory response
D. An abnormal increase of immature white blood cells - correct answer A. Destruction of the T4 cells
A college student presents to the campus health clinic 2 days after unprotected sexual intercourse. The student is requesting an HIV test. After the initial test is negative result, the nurse provides which advice to the student?
A. Return to the clinic as needed.
B. Obtain a repeat test in 3 months.
C. Begin an intense regimen of antibiotics.
D. Visually inspect the body daily for dark skin spots. - correct answer B. Obtain a repeat test in 3 months.
A patient has recently had CD4 level testing, and the result was found to be 98 cells/mm3. The nurse realizes which condition has developed?
A. The patient has AIDS.
B. The patient is HIV positive.
C. The patient has leukopenia.
D. The patient has neutropenia. - correct answer A. The patient has AIDS.
The nurse has been asked to present information regarding HIV risks to a group of young adults. Which populations are at risk for HIV infection? (Select all that apply.)
A. Injection drug users
B. Adolescents who engage in athletics (e.g. baseball, soccer, gymnastics)
C. Patients who receive a transfusion with HIV-infected blood or blood products
D. Neonates and breastfed infants of HIV-infected mothers (perinatal transmission)
E. Laboratory technicians who use appropriate protocols for handling blood products
F.Partners, including heterosexuals, who have unprotected sex with those infected with HIV - correct answer A. Injection drug users
C. Patients who receive a transfusion with HIV-infected blood or blood products
D. Neonates and breastfed infants of HIV-infected mothers (perinatal transmission)
F.Partners, including heterosexuals, who have unprotected sex with those infected with HIV
Medication that interferes with the maturation of viral particles - correct answer Protease inhibitor
Retrovirus that causes AIDS - correct answer HIV
Disease that is now viewed less as a fatal illness than as a manageable chronic condition - correct answer AIDS
Medication regimen or combo of drugs recommended when viral load reaches certain levels - correct answer HAART
What 4 cancers occur in 40% of pts with HIV? - correct answer KS
non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Anal cancer
Cervical cancer
Why are pts with HIV infection at increased risk for cancer? - correct answer The immune system is unable to identify and destroy cells that undergo malignant changes
How is HIV transmitted? Select all that apply
1. Saliva
2. Breast milk
3. Semen
4. Urine
5. Blood
6. Vaginal fluids
7. Tears
8. Sweat - correct answer 2. Breast milk
3. Semen
5. Blood
6. Vaginal fluids
Which 4 types of diagnostic blood work may aid in the diagnosis of HIV infection? Select all that apply?
1. ELISA
2. Western blot
3. PIT
4. T cell count
5. Viral load count
6. Lipid profile - correct answer 1. ELISA
2. Western blot
4. T cell count
5. Viral load count
What is the leading cause of death in ppl with AIDS?
1. KS
2. Malnutrition
3. Infection
4. Encephalopathy - correct answer 3. Infection
About how long after infection does the body produce enough antibodies to be detected by standard HIV testing?
1. 2-3 days
2. 1 week
3. 12 weeks
4. 6 months - correct answer 3. 12 weeks
Which substances remain at high levels throughout the course of HIV infection?
1. HIV antibodies
2. CD8 cells
3. CD4 cells
4. Red blood cells - correct answer 1. HIV antibodies
Antiviral medications are given to pts with HIV infection to:
1. prevent viral replication and destroy infected cells
2. destroy viral cells that are infected
3. slow viral replication and progression
4. destroy bacteria and prevent infection - correct answer 3. slow viral replication and progression
Which test for HIV infection is the most reliable diagnostic test?
1. ELISA
2. Western blot
3. CD4 count
4. CD8 count - correct answer 2. Western blot
How many newly diagnosed HIV infections occur annually in the US?
1. 20,000
2. 50,000
3. 100,000
4. 540,000 - correct answer 2. 50,000
Which drug is used to treat opportunistic fungal infections in ppl with HIV infection?
1. AZT
2. Retrovir
3. Amphotericin B
4. Bactrim - correct answer 3. Amphotericin B
Which opportunistic infection is treated with Bactrim and Pentamidine?
1. PJP
2. Candidiasis
3. Histoplasmosis
4. Cytomegalovirus - correct answer 1. PJP
What is the usual combination of drugs for HIV pts who started on the medication regimen called HAART?
1. Antimicrobials and protease inhibitors
2. NRTIs and protease inhibitors
3. NRTIs and NNRTIs
4. Antimycotics and NNRTIs - correct answer 2. NRTIs and protease inhibitors
What is the most serious problem with HAART therapy?
1. Resistance
2. Hypolipidemia
3. Renal failure
4. Infection - correct answer 1. Resistance
What type of cells does HIV gradually destroy that are essential for resisting pathogens?
1. Neutrophils
2. T4 cells
3. B cells
4. Eosinophils - correct answer 2. T4 cells
HIV is passed from person to person primarily through?
1. air droplet contact
2. hand to mouth contact
3. exposure to bodily fluids
4. mouth to mouth contact - correct answer 3. exposure to bodily fluids
A pt with HIV has developed some GI infections, causing diarrhea, N&V, and poor appetite. What is he priority nrusing intervention for this pt?
1. Provide periods of rest during day
2. Provide a diet high in protein and low in calories
3. Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance
4. Monitor for signs of infection - correct answer 3. Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance
What are 2 nursing interventions for an HIV pt who is experiencing N&V, diarrhea, and poor appetite? Select all that apply
1. Discuss ways to conserve energy and promote restful sleep
2. Talk to nurse practitioner about prescribing antinausea meds, an appetite stimulant, and an antidiarrheal
3. Encourage pt to ask questions and talk about feelings
4. Teach importance of regular dentsal care
5. Provide a diet high in protein and calories - correct answer 2. Talk to nurse practitioner about prescribing antinausea meds, an appetite stimulant, and an antidiarrheal
5. Provide a diet high in protein and calories
For many women, one of the fisrt symptoms of HIV infection is:
1. Vaginal candidiasis
2. Burning on urination
3. Menstrual irregularities
4. Hemorrhoids - correct answer 1. Vaginal candidiasis
A type of skin cancer that has dramatically increased as a result of AIDS is:
1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Melanoma
3. KS
4. Venereal warts - correct answer 3. KS
The medical tx of HIV infection includes the use of zidovudine (AZT; Retrovir), which is given to:
1. cure AIDS
2. prevent transmission to sexual partners
3. treat the secondary infections of AIDS
4. slow progress of AIDS - correct answer 4. slow progress of AIDS
Drugs such as clindamycin, Pentamidine, and Bactrim are used to:
1. Prevent or treat opportunistic infections
2. Slow the progress of AIDS
3. Decrease the dermatitis associated with AIDS
4. Increase T4 lymphocytes - correct answer 1. Prevent or treat opportunistic infections [Show Less]