dividing powers between the state and national government.
Federalism
dividing powers among the 3 branches of government.
Separation of
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Powers that each branch is given to keep the other branches under control.
Checks and Balances
Check and balance that the courts have to declare laws of congress and actions of the president unconstitutional.
Judicial Review
The form of gov. in which the people choose leaders to make decisions for them.
Representative Democracy
Our gov's power is limited by the constitution and the bill of rights.
Limited Government
Everyone must follow the laws no matter who they are.
Rule of Law
Each person has rights as well as responsibilities such as paying taxes and voting.
Individual Rights and Responsibilities
the people give the gov. the right to rule.
Consent of the Governed
More than half the people choose the leaders and influence the gov.
Majority Rule
Rule by the people.
Popular sovereignty
The 14th ammendment guarantees that all people are equally treated by the government.
Equal Protection
The government can take your land or property for public use, gov. must compensate or pay the owner for the property.
Eminent Domain
People accused of crimes must receive a trial.
Bill of Attainder
laws that punish people for actions before the action was illegal.
Ex Post Facto Laws
Early English document that established the principles of limited gov and due process.
Magna Carta
Proposed law is placed on a ballot for voters to vote on.
Referendum
Provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote on a proposed statute.
Initiative
The person bring the suit.
Plaintiff
the person being sued
Defendant
An agreement etween two or more parties.
Contract
Breaking an agreement with another party.
Breach of Contract
Lawsuits in which someone is injured
Torts
the money the defendants have to pay if they are found liable.
damages
more than half the evidence
preponderance of evidence
jury that makes the decision in a case.
petit jury
agreements between two sides to settle the case outside of court.
out of court settlements
person on trial
defendent
represents the gov.
prosecutor
paper that says a person must be brought before a judge when they are put in jail.
Writ of Habeus Corpus
judicial review.
Marbury vs. Madison
supremacy of national law and upheld implied powers of congress.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
"seperate but equal" and segregation is constitutional.
Plessy vs. Ferguson
overturned Plessy and made segregation unconstitutional.
Brown vs. BOE
due process issue, accused must be informed of their rights.
Miranda vs. Arizona
due process issue, accused has a right to a lawyer.
Gideon vs. Wainwright
Freedom of expression in schools as long as it does not disrupt school activities, expanded student rights.
Tinker vs. Des Moines
4th Ammendment, school officials only need reasonable cause to search students, reduced student rights.
New Jersey vs. TLO [Show Less]