A policy described as "allocative"
seeks to distribute goods and resources to one group at the expense of others.
Historically, food consumption
... [Show More] and physical activity have been viewed as inappropriate subjects for government regulation.
true
Which of the following is an example of an Allocative policy?
Medicaid
The primary reason to develop a health policy is to
enhance health and/or support people in their quest for good health.
Which of the following is a determinant of health?
a. genetic makeup
b. lifestyles and behaviors
c. physical environment
d. utilization of health services
e. a and b are determinants of health
f. all of the above are determinants of health
all of the above are determinants of health
market-entry restrictions and price regulations are types of
regulatory policies
health policy interventions in diseases that are behaviorally caused or exacerbated have focused on
efforts to influence behavior through education
Structurally and operationally, the healthcare market works very much like a perfectly competitive economic market.
false
"healthcare disparities" are best defined as
differences in variables such as access, insurance, coverage, and quality of services received.
The amount of health policy related information available to individual consumers has decreased in the last decade.
false
Which of the following statements concerning the United States Congress is FALSE?
a. The Legislative Branch of the federal government consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress.
b. All legislative power in the federal government is vested in Congress, meaning that it is the only part of the government that can make new laws or change existing laws.
c. Congress has the sole power to interpret the law, determine the constitutionality of the law, and apply it to individual cases.
d. In order to pass legislation and send it to the President for his signature, both the House and the Senate must pass the same bill by majority vote.
Congress has the sole power to interpret the law, determine the constitutionality of the law, and apply it to individual cases.
Criticisms of the pluralistic approach to policymaking include:
a. Government seems more concerned with keeping the interest groups happy than doing what is best for the nation as a whole.
b. Interest groups have become too influential in the policy-making process.
c. Trying to satisfy all the various interest groups leads to contradiction and confusion in the policymaking process.
d. All of the above.
all of the above
Which of the following statements is true?
policies are frequently established that favor current voters, but impose costs on future generations
US Supreme Court justices are
appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate
Individual citizens, health related organizations and interest groups may propose ideas for the development of legislation as guaranteed by the First Amendment.
true
The relationship between federal and state governments is constantly changing.
true
Who can be a demander of public policy?
anyone
State governments regulate all of the following EXCEPT
medicare
Though millions of Americans vote in a presidential election every four years, the President is not, in fact, directly elected by the people.
true
The public policymaking process is not influenced by external factors.
false
Hill-Burton was an act of Congress that
provided funding for construction and renovation of medical facilities
The era of dual federalism was characterized by
a clash between states' rights and the national government's power.
The grant-in-aid approach of the federal government
is a way for the federal government to get the states to act in particular ways.
In the United States, the term federalism means
the federal and state governments are different sovereign powers that govern the same people, but with different responsibilities.
The federal government issues licenses to doctors and hospitals because it has concurrent jurisdiction with the states.
false
Which of the following is not a power left to the state governments in the Constitution?
power to regulate interstate commerce
Which of the following is not a power delegated to the federal government in the Constitution?
power to establish public schools
Permitting states to pursue different approaches to the administration of federal-state cooperative programs such as Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act
creates an unequal availability of services across the states.
Which of the following is not an area of federal legislative interest?
licensure of tong-term care facilities
Which of the following characterizes the era of cooperative federalism?
a. enactment of the Social Security Act of 1935
b. the "grant-in-aid" approach from the federal government to the states
c. enactment of the Hill-Burton legislation
d. all of the above
all of the above
Individual citizens, health related organizations, and interest groups may propose ideas for the development of legislation as guaranteed by the First Amendment.
true
Punctuated equilibrium theorizes that policymaking occurs
in small incremental steps, disrupted by bursts of rapid transformation.
What marks the transition from policy formulation to policy implementation in the policymaking process?
enactment of legislation
At which point do the decisions made in policymaking become final?
There is always the potential to change policies.
Policy should seek to minimize harm to society as a whole. This is an example of which ethical principle?
nonmaleficence
In agenda setting, the window of opportunity is created by the optimal interaction of
problems, possible solutions, and political circumstances.
Evaluating, designing, operating, and rulemaking are all elements of which policymaking phase?
implementation phase
Which ethical principles are defined as "seeking to do good" and "doing no harm"?
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Which of the following is a real-world example of the ethical decision-making principle of respect for autonomy?
advanced directives
Environmental health policies are
Typically created in response to a build-up of real-world evidence of environmental health hazards
Health policies may take which of the following forms?
a. laws
b. rules/regulations
c. judicial decisions
d. all of the above
all of the above
A new health policy will impact all individuals in the same manner.
false
Who is responsible for the day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws?
The Cabinet and independent federal agencies
By federal law, public policies may not conflict with each other.
false
Two important demographic valuables affecting health policy are the changing age structure of the U.S. population and the
growing racial and ethnical diversity
Interest groups are not especially powerful in influencing policymaking.
false
In the process of developing a health policy, the demographics of the population
are considered
Resources related to the availability of and access to health services that are heavily influenced by health policies include
a. money
b. technology
c. human resources
d. a and b
e. all of the above.
all of the above
Which of the following branches of government can be suppliers of health policies?
a. Legislative branch
b. Executive branch
c. Judicial branch
d. All of the above
all of the above
The model that is based on the idea that real political power in the United States is concentrated among a small proportion of the population that controls the country's key institutions and organizations, and most of its wealth, is know as the
the Elitist perspective
State level polices vary from state to state due to all of the following EXCEPT
Whether or not the state has a health department
How many years are the terms for members of the U.S House of Representatives and Senate?
House-2
Senate-6
Criticisms of the pluralistic approach to policymaking include:
a. The government seems more concerned with keeping the interest groups happy than doing what is best for the nation as a whole.
b. Interest groups have become too influential in the policy-making process.
c. Trying to satisfy all the various interest groups leads to contradiction and confusion in the policymaking process.
d. a and c.
e. All of the above.
all of the above
Political power that comes from an individual's relative position in a social system, organization, or group is known as
legitimate power
Permitting states to pursue different approaches to the administration of federal-state cooperative programs such as Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act
creates an unequal availability of services across the states
States can get waivers from the federal government to modify their Medicaid programs.
true
The president vetoes a bill that has passed in both the House and Senate. Which of the following could happen next?
Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds vote in each chamber.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of legislation?
negotiated resolution
Policy implementation is primarily a management undertaking.
true
Policy formulation includes setting the policy agenda and developing legislation.
ture
for whom does the health policymaking process have consequences?
a. individual consumers
b. health professionals
c. healthcare organizations
d. all of the above
all of the above
about what potion of the spending on the health in the US is sourced from government (public) funds?
about 50%
in the process of developing a health policy, the demographies of the population
are considered
educational institutions, insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, and medical supply companies are
secondary provider organizations
federal judges, who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, hold their office for
life tenure, or until they resign, die, or are impeached and convicted by Congress
though millions of Americans vote in a presidential election every 4 years, the President not, in fact, directly elected by the people
true
having influence in policy markets depends on possession of:
a. legitimate and reward power
b. reward and coercive power
c. expert and referent power
d. all of the above
all of the above
at which point do the decisions made in policymaking become final?
there is always the potential to change policies
in the US, health policy is made at which levels of government?
a. local
b. state
c. federal
d. all levels
all 3 levels
which of the following is a real-world example of the ethical decision-making principle of respect for autonomy?
advanced directions
decisions made in the public sector differ from those made in the private sector due to the
political circumstances
what makes the policymaking process an open system?
the process both affects and is affected by factors in the external environment
which amendment states that all powers not explicitly granted to the federal government are reserved for state governments?
10th amendment
the constitution's supremacy clause has the effect of
ensuring that federal laws preempt state laws regulating the same subject
"policy power" is defined as
the power of states to regulate a wide range of areas to protect their citizens
A key way that federal courts differ from state courts is that
state courts have general jurisdiction over a wide range of cases
punctuated equilibrium theorizes that policy occurs
in small incremental steps, disrupted by bursts of rapid transformation
the concept that each branch of government possesses particular strengths and weaknesses relevant to policymaking is referred to as
institutional competence
compilation of all the nations laws
the United State's code
central purpose of health policy is to
enhance and/or support people in their quest for good health
By law, policies related to the federal budget and the reduction of deficits may not modify other policies.
false
the amount of health policy related information available to individual consumers has decreased in the last decade
false
on any given health issue
the executive branch typically presents a more unified position compared to the legislative branch.
In the eyes of the public, members of which branch of government generally bear more responsibility for the state of the economy?
executive
organizations that offer a continuum of health care services are known as
integrated delivery system
civil servants tend to make policy related decisions based on
preserving the well-being of their agency
each year, congress sets constraints on overall spending and spending by groups of programs/activities. these spending constraints are contained in a
concurrent resolution
who has the most power to initiate the modification of policies?
chief executive [Show Less]