Brevital (Sodium Methohexital) - correct answer Primary anesthetic agent introduced in the 1960's.
Balanced Anesthesia - correct answer Use of several
... [Show More] agents together
Basic Requisites of an Anesthetic - correct answer Lack of toxicity, non-flammable, non-addictive, minimal allergenicity.
Analgesia - correct answer Given to feel no pain (ex: Fentanyl and Local)
Amnesia - correct answer Benzodiazepines (ex: Versed)
Relaxation & Immobility - correct answer Versed, Propofol (Diprivan), Brevital (Methohexital), Ketamine
Loss of Consciousness (Hypnosis) - correct answer Propofol & Brevital
Wakefulness System - correct answer Core of brainstem, neurons to cerebrum. When a sleep inducing drug is introduced it interrupts transmission.
Anxiolytic (Anxiety Reducing) Meds - correct answer Diazepam or Midazolam
Relay Center - correct answer Sensory neurons that sense pain pass through this.
Homeostasis (Homeostatic State) - correct answer Normal state in which there is minimal variation in respiration and circulation.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer The effects that the body has on drugs.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer The effects that the drug has on various body systems.
Rapid Redistribution - correct answer Short acting drug only remain attached to the receptor sites for a short time and then move to the other tissues.
PO (per os) - correct answer Through the mouth.
(Delayed onset, unpredictable effects, patient compliance, not good when pt in nauseated)
Subcutaneous (SQ) - correct answer Beneath the Skin
(Absorption is somewhat delayed compared to IM or IV)
Intramuscular (IM) - correct answer In the muscle
(Unpredictable onset of drug effect, cannot titrate the dose)
Intravenous (IV) - correct answer In the vein
Inhalation Route - correct answer Inhaled
(Very rapid absorption and titration)
4 Levels of Continuum - correct answer Minimal Sedation, Moderate Sedation, Deep Sedation (Analgesia), and General Anesthesia
Minimal Sedation (Anxiolysis) - correct answer Normal response to verbal stimulation, cardiovascular function unaffected.
Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation) - correct answer Normal response to verbal or light tactile stimulation with cardiovascular function usually maintained.
Deep Sedation (Analgesia) - correct answer Not easily aroused but has purposeful response after repeated or painful stimulation.
General Anesthesia - correct answer Not a rousable even with painful stimulation.
Diffusion hypoxia - correct answer Nitrous Oxide rapidly moves from the blood to the alveoli of the lungs and displaces other gases, including oxygen.
Hypoxia - correct answer Low levels of oxygen in the bodies tissues.
Hypercarbia - correct answer An increased level of carbon dioxide.
Anxiolytic - correct answer Triazolam, Diazepam, Modazolam
Propofol (Diprivan) - correct answer Has antiemetic (anti-nausea) properties, insoluble in water, highly lipid soluble.
Propofol (Diprivan) - correct answer Respiratory depressant and apnea may be noted after on induction dose.
Ketamine (Ketalar) - correct answer Dissociative drug. Eye, cough and swallow reflexes are still present, eyes are open, but gaze in distant or wandering.
Nystagmic Gaze - correct answer Distant or wandering gaze.
Ketamine (Ketalar) - correct answer Undergoes metabolism in the liver, and excreted in the urine.
Ketamine(Ketalar) - correct answer Increase in cerebral oxygen consumption, cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.
Ketamine (Ketalar) - correct answer Stimulates the cardiovascular system, increases BP, heart rate and cardiac output.
Contraindications to Ketamine use. - correct answer Severe cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, glaucoma (not controlled), severe psychotic illnesses, pregnancy.
Barbiturates - correct answer Taken up by body fat and released into the system slowly, depressing the CNS.
Barbiturates - correct answer Detoxified in the liver.
Side effects of Brevital - correct answer Apnea on induction, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, hypotension, tachycardia, hiccups, and muscle twitching.
Esters - correct answer Metabolized in the bloodstream by an enzyme known as pseudocholinesterase.
Amides - correct answer Metabolized more slowly in the liver.
Esters - correct answer Cocaine, Procain (Novocaine)
Amides - correct answer Lidocaine (max 10 or 11 carpules)
Amides - correct answer Mepivacaine (Carbocaine) (max 7-8 carpules)
Amides - correct answer Prilocaine (Citamest) (max 6 carpules)
Amides - correct answer Bupivacaine (Marcaine) (max 10 carpules)
Amides - correct answer Articaine (Septocaine) (max 7 carpules)
Sympatho-mimetic - correct answer Mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Anxiolytic - correct answer Dissolving anziety
Paradoxical Effect - correct answer Patients exhibit an excitement with the administration of Diazepam rather than a tranquilization.
Midazolam (Versed) - correct answer 3-6 times more potent than Diazepam.
Morphine - correct answer Major action in analgesia but also produces drowsiness, euphoria and sedation.
Meperidine (Demerol) - correct answer Has a slight drying effect, commonly used for postoperative pain.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) - correct answer 100 times more potent than morphine.
Rapid onset of action, duration of only 30-45 minutes
Remifentanil (Ultiva) - correct answer Metabolized by enzymes throughout the body. Very rapid dissipation. Rapid onset of action, duration of only 5-10 minutes. Can be used in patients with liver and kidney failure.
Narcotic Reversals - correct answer Naloxone (Narcan), Pentazocine (Talwin), Nalbuphine (Nubain), Butorphanol Tartrate (Stadol), Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist - correct answer Reverse the effects of narcotics, and when given by themselves have agonistic or therapeutic properties.
Anticholinergic - correct answer Decrease secretions of the salivary glands, thus helping to provide a dry airway during surgery.
Anticholinergic Agents - correct answer Atropine, Scopolamine, Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
Antiemetics - correct answer Antihistamines, Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Prochlorperazine (Compazine), Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Antiemetics - correct answer Trimethobenzamide (Tigan), Ondansetron (Zofran), Corticosteroids, Benzodiazepines
Steroids - correct answer Dexamethasone (Decadron), Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol), Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cartef)
Muscle Relaxants - correct answer Succinylcholine (Anectine)
Fasciculation - correct answer Total body muscle twitching.
Succinylcholine (Anectine) - correct answer Can be a significant trigger for malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals, either adults or children. Short Acting.
Rocuronium - correct answer Steroid based, short to intermediate acting muscle relaxant with rapid onset of action. Not a triggering agent for malignant hypertheria. Long acting
Halogenated Hydrocarbons - correct answer Inhalation agents used for general anesthesia. [Show Less]