Brevital (Sodium Methohexital) - ✔✔ Primary anesthetic agent introduced in the 1960's.
Balanced Anesthesia - ✔✔ Use of several agents
... [Show More] together
Basic Requisites of an Anesthetic - ✔✔ Lack of toxicity, non-flammable, non-addictive, minimal allergenicity.
Analgesia - ✔✔ Given to feel no pain (ex: Fentanyl and Local)
Amnesia - ✔✔ Benzodiazepines (ex: Versed)
Relaxation & Immobility - ✔✔ Versed, Propofol (Diprivan), Brevital (Methohexital), Ketamine
Loss of Consciousness (Hypnosis) - ✔✔ Propofol & Brevital
Wakefulness System - ✔✔ Core of brainstem, neurons to cerebrum. When a sleep inducing drug is introduced it interrupts transmission.
Anxiolytic (Anxiety Reducing) Meds - ✔✔ Diazepam or Midazolam
Relay Center - ✔✔ Sensory neurons that sense pain pass through this.
Homeostasis (Homeostatic State) - ✔✔ Normal state in which there is minimal variation in respiration and circulation.
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔ The effects that the body has on drugs.
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔ The effects that the drug has on various body systems.
Rapid Redistribution - ✔✔ Short acting drug only remain attached to the receptor sites for a short time and then move to the other tissues.
PO (per os) - ✔✔ Through the mouth.
(Delayed onset, unpredictable effects, patient compliance, not good when pt in nauseated)
Subcutaneous (SQ) - ✔✔ Beneath the Skin
(Absorption is somewhat delayed compared to IM or IV)
Intramuscular (IM) - ✔✔ In the muscle
(Unpredictable onset of drug effect, cannot titrate the dose)
Intravenous (IV) - ✔✔ In the vein
Inhalation Route - ✔✔ Inhaled
(Very rapid absorption and titration)
4 Levels of Continuum - ✔✔ Minimal Sedation, Moderate Sedation, Deep Sedation (Analgesia), and General Anesthesia
Minimal Sedation (Anxiolysis) - ✔✔ Normal response to verbal stimulation, cardiovascular function unaffected.
Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation) - ✔✔ Normal response to verbal or light tactile stimulation with cardiovascular function usually maintained.
Deep Sedation (Analgesia) - ✔✔ Not easily aroused but has purposeful response after repeated or painful stimulation.
General Anesthesia - ✔✔ Not a rousable even with painful stimulation.
Diffusion hypoxia - ✔✔ Nitrous Oxide rapidly moves from the blood to the alveoli of the lungs and displaces other gases, including oxygen.
Hypoxia - ✔✔ Low levels of oxygen in the bodies tissues.
Hypercarbia - ✔✔ An increased level of carbon dioxide. [Show Less]