The "T" wave on an ECG tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? - correct answer Repolarization of the ventricles
What anatomical structure
... [Show More] located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign bodies from entering the trachea? - correct answer The epiglottis
Which structure is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an anesthetized patient is lying in a supine position? - correct answer The tongue
What is the "supine" position? - correct answer Pt laying face up
What is the "fowlers" position? - correct answer Pt is sitting straight up or leaning slightly back
What is the "trendelenberg" position? - correct answer Pt's head is slightly lower than their feet
Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through which vessel? - correct answer pulmonary artery
What is the normal sequence for the flow of blood through the heart and lungs? - correct answer Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
The small sac like structures located at the end of the respiratory tract in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called? - correct answer Aveoli
Which structure may be involved in a pt who has an upper respiratory infection? - correct answer nose, sinuses, and pharynx
What is the soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus? - correct answer Epiglottis
An artery located in the neck that is readily palpated when looking for a patients pulse is? - correct answer common carotid
Which part of the eye loses its reflex action first during the induction of anesthesia? - correct answer The eyelid
What is hypoxia? - correct answer Lack of oxygen
What is Addisons disease? - correct answer hyposecretion of glucocorticoids
What type of medication do pt's with Addisons disease take? - correct answer Cortisone daily
What is hyperglycemia? - correct answer An insufficient supply of insulin which is produced in the pancreas, prevents the body's cells from metabolizing carbohydrates properly.
What is "Type 1 diabetes"? - correct answer Insulin dependent
What is "type 2 diabetes?" - correct answer non-insulin diabetes
A pt with history of transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) has had temporary lessening of? - correct answer Blood supply to the brain
Ischemic heart disease is a result of? - correct answer decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries
The main purpose of the review of systems is to obtain a careful evaluation of the pt's? - correct answer Medical history
A pt who has renal disease would be expected to have difficulty with? - correct answer drug excretion
Medical history is not used to document ? - correct answer The socioeconomic status of the pt.
Congestive failure does not result in? - correct answer bronchospasm
Normal blood oxygen saturation in an ASA class I pt ranges from? - correct answer 95%-100%
Why are diabetic pt's at risk for oral and maxillofacial surgery? - correct answer Pt's are subject to postoperative infections.
A pt who has had a myocardial infarction should wait how many months before having elective surgery? - correct answer 6 months
What is midazolam? - correct answer Versed
What is glycopyrrolate? - correct answer Robinul
What does robinul do? - correct answer Dry mouth
What type of drug is "diazepam"? - correct answer Anxiolytics (dissolving anxiety)
What is another word for "diazepam"? - correct answer Valium
What is another word for "midazolam"? - correct answer Versed
What is the main difference between valium and versed? - correct answer Versed is faster acting and water soluble, making it less irritating to the veins.
What is a narcotic? - correct answer Used to provide systemic pain control
What is fentanyl (Sublimaze) - correct answer A narcotic, Much more potent than demerol or morphine
What is diphenhydramine? - correct answer Benadryl
What is another word for "Dexamethasone"? - correct answer Decadron
What type of medication is decadron? - correct answer A steroid
What is another name for "Odanestron?" - correct answer Zofran
What does "odanestron" do? - correct answer Helps with perioperative nausea
What does decardon help with? - correct answer The prevention of swelling
Diazepam (valium) is used in outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery to? - correct answer sedate the patient
Barbiturates are detoxified primarily in the ? - correct answer Liver
Rapid administration of anesthetic doses of methoexital (brevital) can result in? - correct answer hiccups, tachycardia, and respiratory depression
What is "tachycardia"? - correct answer Fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute)
What is "titrate"? - correct answer to give a small quantity of a drug and assess its effects before giving additional drugs
The reason that methohexital (brevital) is considered to be ultrashort acting is because it is? - correct answer not as highly bound to fat as thiopental
Oxygen is approximately what precent of room air? - correct answer 20%
Naloxone (narcan) is used primarily as? - correct answer A narcotic antagonist
Recovery from ketamine (ketalar) anesthetic is sometimes associated with? - correct answer Bad dreams
Local anesthetics containing epinephrine should be used cautiously on pt's who have? - correct answer cardiac disrhythmias
What is "Cardiac disrhythmias (arryhthmias) - correct answer Rhythm disturbances of the heart
What is Arryhythmia ? - correct answer Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
What is the "Arteriole?" - correct answer Any of the very small arterial branches located at the end of an artery (furthest from the heart)
how is the group of local anestethics ester's metabolized? - correct answer They have a higher potential for allergic reaction and are metabolized by the enzymes in the blood
What group of anesthetic is cocaine a part of? - correct answer Esters
How is the group of local anesthetics Amides metabolized? - correct answer In the liver
What group of anesthetics is Lidocaine part of? - correct answer Amides
What are "Vasoconstrictors"? - correct answer Pharmacologic agents that cause blood vessels to constrict
What is "Vasoconstriction"? - correct answer The decrease in the diameter of a vessel, especially constriction of arterioles leading to decrease blood flow to a part
What are the "pulmonary veins"? - correct answer The veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. This is the only case in the body in which veins carry oxygenated blood
What is the benefit to using propofol (Diprivan) over methohexital (Breviatl)? - correct answer lower incidence of nausea and a shorter duration
What is the benefit to using local anesthetic alone? - correct answer The patient doesn't have to be NPO, and a driver is not neccesary
What is NPO? - correct answer Nothing by mouth
Which is the easiest and quickest emergency airway ? - correct answer Cricothyrotomy
What does the pulse oximentry monitor? - correct answer Measures the oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood
What does a "Capnometer" monitor? - correct answer Ventilation in real time by measuring the level of carbon dioxide as the pt exhales
How often should the function of an anesthesia machine be checked? - correct answer Daily
In the united states the standard color for a nitrous oxide cylinder is? - correct answer Blue
Blood pressure levels will most likely be falsely low when using? - correct answer An adult arm cuff on a small child
What would indicate of partial respiratory obstruction in a sedated pt? - correct answer gurgling, snoring, high pitched crowing or wheezing, noted while monitoring with precordial stethoscope
Ventilation can be monitored continually by? - correct answer observation of the rebreathing bag, and auscultation in the precordial or pre tracheal region
A rocking or "see-sawing" rhythm of the chest and abdomen may indicate ? - correct answer Airway obstruction
An increased heart rate may be caused by ? - correct answer Painful stimuli
Capnography measures? - correct answer Level of carbon dioxide expired in each breath
A patient who swallows during anesthesia is experiencing? - correct answer A light level of anesthesia
What is "addison's disease?" - correct answer A disease due to hyposecretion of glucocortirodes, characterized by low pressure, aremia, diarrhea, digestive disturbance and a bronzelike pigmentation of the skin
What is the "Alveous?" - correct answer A small air sac within the body of the lung
What is "Anaphylaxis" ? - correct answer A severe allergic reaction marked by any of several severe responses, including skin reactions, smooth muscle cramping, urinary incontinence, constriction of bronchioles, respiratory difficulty and cardiovascular collapse
What is Anemia? - correct answer A reduction in the number of red blood cells in the blood stream
what is "Angina Pectoris"? - correct answer Pain in the chest, with a feeling of suffocation, usually due to a deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium
What is the "Myocardium"? - correct answer The middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscles
What is an "Anticholinergic"? - correct answer
What is "syncope"? - correct answer Sudden, brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased blood flow to the brain ("passing out")
What is "Hypoglycemia"? - correct answer Reduction in blood glucose levels (low blood sugar)
What can occur during the "syncopal stage"? - correct answer hypotension, bradycardia, pupil dilation, visual disturbance, loss of consciousness
What is treatment for Syncope? - correct answer place pt in trendelenburg position, assess consciousness, airway/breathing, tilt head to establish airway, place crushed ammonia capsule under nose
What can cause "Hypoglycemia"? - correct answer Excessive insulin therapy, missed/delayed meals, illness/infection, excessive exercise
What are some mild signs/symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - correct answer cold/clammy skin, extreme hunger, nausea, tachycardia, numbness/tingling, trembling
What are some moderate symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - correct answer lack of energy, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, fatigue, headache, weakness, anger, poor cordination
What are some severe symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - correct answer loss of consciousness, seizures/convulsions, hypothermia, coma
What is early treatment for Hypoglycemia? - correct answer Place pt in supine position, maintain airway, check blood glucose levels (glucometer), treat blood glucose <50 mg/dl
What is "oral glucose" ? - correct answer tablets, soft drink, candy, cake frosting
What is advanced treatment for HYpoglycemia? - correct answer PT becomes unconscious (life support), activate EMS, establish IV (glucose),
How many chest compressions to how many breaths in CPR? - correct answer 30 compressions/ 2 breaths
When would you perform CPR? - correct answer If the pt has no pulse
What is "Thyroid storm"? - correct answer A life threatening condition that is more likely to develop when a person has a serious health problem (major infection), in addition to hyperthyroidism; the thyroid gland releases large amounts of thyroid hormone in a short period of time and most often occurs in people with Graves disease
What causes a "Thyroid storm"? - correct answer surgery, trauma, infection, physiologic/emotional stress, pregnancy
What are some acute signs of thyroid storm? - correct answer tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, irritability, heart failure
What is "tachycardia"? - correct answer >140 beats/minute
What is "Hypotension"? - correct answer <90 mm Hg
What is treatment for thyroid storm? - correct answer Activate 911, 100% oxygen, initiate life support
What is a "laryngospasm"? - correct answer A protective reflex to prevent foreign matter from entering the larynx, trachea or lungs
What can cause a laryngospasm? - correct answer light general anesthesia, foreign material in the region of the vocal cords
What are some signs/symptoms of larygnospasm? - correct answer increased respiratory effort, increased difficulty in exchanging of air, "Crowing" sound, developing cardiac arrhythmia's
What is early treatment of a laryngospasm? - correct answer pack off surgical site, 100% oxygen, immediate suction of oropharynx (tonsil suction), establish proper head tilt/position to establish airway, position tongue anteriorly [Show Less]