CPH Exam Practice 87 Questions with Verified Answers
Public Health professionals have to learn to work effectively with the media. Public health is
... [Show More] potentially appealing for the popular press because:
1. its stories have urgency, drama and novelty.
2. it is a source rich in detail, facts and figures.
3. scientists and journalists have a long history of mutual trust.
4. public information officers issue press releases. - CORRECT ANSWER its stories have urgency, drama and novelty
in the design and implementation of public health data systems, installing security features should be:
1. inherent in privacy by design at all stages.
2. a task separately done by an expert cybersecurity team.
3. limited to firewalls and administrative control.
4. the final step before release of software systems. - CORRECT ANSWER inherent in privacy by design at all stages
When beginning work with a coalition of community groups to improve health outcomes in the community, a key first step would be to:
1. Develop a shared vision
2. Develop an evaluation plan
3. Develop a data collection plan
4. Develop a logic model - CORRECT ANSWER Develop a shared vision
If two copies of a mutant allele are necessary to cause symptoms of a disease to appear in the phenotype, what type of genetic disease is this?
1. Recessive
2. Sex-linked
3. Autosomal
4. Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER Recessive
River water pollution due to stormwater runoff from chemically fertilized farm fields is an example of:
1. Non-point source pollution
2. Point source pollution
3. Accidental and unforeseeable pollution
4. Unpreventable and inconsequential pollution - CORRECT ANSWER non-point source pollution
Count data, such as the number of events occurring in a specified period of time, are often described by which probability distribution?
1. Binomial
2. Chi-square
3. Normal
4. Poisson - CORRECT ANSWER Poisson
is often used to describe count data and can be used to describe rate data by including an offset term for the denominator of the rate - CORRECT ANSWER Poisson Distribution
the probability distribution for the number of successes in a sequence of Bernoulli trials, which are a series of trials where each trial can either succeed or fail, the trials are independent, and the probability of success is the same for each trial. - CORRECT ANSWER binomial distribution
is a right-skewed distribution where the area under the curve is equal to one, it starts at 0 on the x-axis and extends infinitely to the right but never touches the x-axis, and where the curve looks increasingly normal as the degrees of freedom increase - CORRECT ANSWER Chi-square distribution
a type of bell-shaped curve that is centered around a mean and approaches the x-axis when it is greater than 3 standard deviations away from the mean. - CORRECT ANSWER Normal Distribution
The Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare demonstrates that small area variations in Medicare expenditures across geographic areas are primarily attributable to differences in:
1. Physician practice styles
2. Consumer preferences for high-cost services
3. Age of the population served
4. Health status of the population served - CORRECT ANSWER Physician practice styles
After identifying and appointing expert members to inter-professional teams for implementing health initiatives, the administration:
1. has shifted all responsibility to the team.
2. role should only consist of receiving periodic progress reports.
3. should plan to confirm the team norms and dynamics are productive.
4. can announce that the initiative was successfully launched. - CORRECT ANSWER should plan to confirm the team norms and dynamics are productive
What is an evaluation designed to present conclusions about whether a program should be sustained, changed, or eliminated?
1. Formative evaluation
2. Implementation evaluation
3. Process evaluation
4. Summative evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER Summative evaluation
evaluation falls into one of the two broad categories: formative and summative. ____________ evaluations should be completed once your programs are well established and will tell you to what extent the program is achieving its goals - CORRECT ANSWER summative evaluations
Which of the following practices enhances equity across populations when making health policy decisions in a community?
1. Requiring randomized control evidence of effectiveness
2. Allocating resources based on population size
3. Collecting health-related data about the individuals in the community
4. Including diverse constituencies in the decision-making groups - CORRECT ANSWER including diverse constituencies in the decision-making groups
A short narrative or statement that describes the general focus and purpose of a program is called:
1. A mission statement
2. A long-term goal
3. A long-range plan
4. An objective - CORRECT ANSWER mission statement
To learn more about the "natural course" of syphilis, from 1932-1972, the US Public Health Service left infected study participants (comprised of poor black men) untreated. This resulted in pain, blindness, infertility, and death, as well as transmission of the disease to partners and children. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, is a sentinel public health event because of these ethical violations and resulted in:
1. The Nuremberg Code
2. The Belmont Report
3. Rose-Welch Report
4. The Legal Epidemiology Competency Model - CORRECT ANSWER The Belmont Report
The t-distribution approaches which distribution as its degrees of freedom increases?
1. Exponential distribution
2. Normal distribution
3. Binomial distribution
4. Chi-square distribution - CORRECT ANSWER Normal Distribution
Which of the following pairs of values are most likely to conflict during a response to a public health emergency?
1. Truth-telling versus community welfare
2. Beneficence versus justice
3. Individual autonomy versus community welfare
4. Community welfare versus justice - CORRECT ANSWER Individual autonomy versus community welfare
Historically, which of the following had the greatest impact on average life expectancy?
1. Vaccinations for infectious diseases
2. Improvements in sanitation and hygiene
3. Advances in medical care technology
4. Increased application of health education - CORRECT ANSWER Improvements in sanitation and hygiene
Income, interpersonal stress, and education level are all examples of ____________, which determine the overall health, and quality of life of our communities.
1. Physical determinants
2. Spatial determinants
3. Environmental determinants
4. Social determinants - CORRECT ANSWER Social determinants
As a first step in public health emergency preparedness, jurisdictions should:
1. Ask a local government leader what will be expected of them.
2. Outsource public health emergency preparedness responsibilities.
3. Self-assess their ability to address resource elements for each preparedness capability and then assess their ability to demonstrate the functions associated with each capability.
4. Design and conduct at least one table-top exercise. - CORRECT ANSWER Self-assess their ability to address resource elements for each preparedness capability and then assess their ability to demonstrate the functions associated with each capability.
In the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, the step in program planning where planners use data to identify and rank health problems is called:
1. Behavioral assessment
2. Needs assessment
3. Ecological assessment
4. Environmental assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Needs assessment
Policy analysis when designing public health programs is:
1. involves a straightforward statistical analysis of health and public polling data.
2. a subjective political task accomplished by legislative debate and trade-offs.
3. complex, involving data collection and clarification of objectives.
4. impossible to define because different policy areas require different approaches. - CORRECT ANSWER complex, involving data collection and clarification of objectives
A district health department is trying to decide whether to invest in interpretation services and translated materials to address local language barriers, address needs of limited English proficient (LEP) clients and meet Federal requirements. The Four Factor Analysis-to guide LHDs in meeting these mandates and to provide recommendations for providing translated materials and interpretation services- is part of a
1. National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) Assessment
2. Language Needs Assessment
3. Health Resource Access Assessment
4. Community Literacy Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Language needs assessment
Which of the following evaluates asymmetry in a distribution?
1. Skew
2. Range
3. Confidence interval
4. Kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER Skew- refers to the symmetry of the curve
a measure of the "peakedness" of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable - CORRECT ANSWER kurtosis
is a range of values that are, at a specified probability, likely to contain a specific parameter - CORRECT ANSWER confidence interval
is a measure of dispersion that expresses the lowest and highest value contained in a dataset. - CORRECT ANSWER range
Social marketing is the use of marketing principles to influence human behavior in order to improve health. Which one below is NOT one of the 4 P's of social marketing?
1. Price
2. Promotion
3. Place
4. Process - CORRECT ANSWER Process
The four P's of social marketing is Price, Promotion, Place, and Product.
A public health professional is asked to conduct a needs assessment for a community. A needs assessment:
1. Introduces resources to fill community gaps
2. Ensures a competent public and personal health care workforce
3. Assists to identify and prioritize health problems
4. Provides health resources for medically underserved populations - CORRECT ANSWER Assists to identify and prioritize health problems
n some cases of food bourne illness, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is caused by which organism?
1. Listeria
2. E. coli strain 0157:H7
3. Cryptosporidium
4. Salmonella - CORRECT ANSWER E. coli strain 0157:H7
Which of the following survey items best assesses an individual's socioeconomic status in terms of increasing validity and response rate?
1. Income in the past month
2. Highest level of education attained
3. Eligibility for public assistance
4. Perception of economic insecurity - CORRECT ANSWER Perception of economic insecurity
Which of the following approaches recognize that health of people is interconnected with health of animals and environment; and collaborate with physicians, veterinarians, ecologists, epidemiologists, and other related healthcare providers to monitor and control public health threats and to learn about how diseases spread among people, animals, and the environment?
1. Veterinary Public Health
2. Environmental Health
3. One Health
4. Population Health - CORRECT ANSWER One Health
A researcher is working with local barber shops to plan a health promotion intervention. The intervention activities will include health education training workshops and educational print materials for the customers. The intervention activities are hypothesized to lead to changes in customers' fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity, and screening adherence. Which of the following statements describes how the researcher might start a formative evaluation plan?
1. Document which participating barbers attended each of the training workshops
2. Document the barbers' change in fruit/vegetable intake
3. Document the customers' change in physical activity
4. Convene focus groups in two barber shops to discuss print materials - CORRECT ANSWER Convene focus groups in two barber shops to discuss print materials
A supervisor of a small community health clinic serving a largely multi-national immigrant community assigns their project manager the responsibility of developing a new process to ensure complaints and conflicts are addressed promptly and respectfully for each patient. This is prompted by a recent complaint that a staff member was rudely addressing a limited English-speaking patient and her family when trying to communicate a diagnosis. In order to create a new process that takes into account the cultural and communication needs of the patients, the program manager must:
1. Create a new conflict process based solely on examples from other clinics.
2. Select a group of patients to provide input on how complaints should be resolved.
3. Wait until a new complaint occurs to observe the existing process.
4. Ask their coworkers how they personally deal with complaints and conflicts in the office. - CORRECT ANSWER Select a group of patients to provide input on how complaints should be resolved.
After reviewing evidence demonstrating increased survival of narcotic self-overdose after immediate naloxone administration, the State Commissioner of Health issues the following standing order: "This order authorizes pharmacists who maintain a current active license practicing in a pharmacy located in Virginia that maintains a current active pharmacy permit to dispense one of the following naloxone formulations (notes intranasal or autoinject kits options), in accordance the current Board of Pharmacy-approved protocol." "The State Good Samaritan Act states in part that any person who, in good faith prescribes, dispenses, or administers naloxone or other opioid antagonist used for overdose reversal in an emergency to an individual who is believed to be experiencing or about to experience a life-threatening opiate overdose shall not be liable for any civil damages for ordinary negligence in acts or omissions resulting from the rendering of such treatment if acting in accordance with the Good Samaritan Act or in his role as a member of an emergency medical services agency." This order demonstrates:
1. Secondary Prevention and Harm Prevention Strategy
2. Secondary Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategy
3. Tertiary Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategy
4. Tertiary Prevention and Harm Prevention Strategy - CORRECT ANSWER Tertiary Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategy
In the funding applications that state public health departments typically submit every year, program and organizational budget requests:
1. are not included, only research project funding is described.
2. are justified by reasonable numbers on accounting spreadsheets.
3. need explanation in a budget narrative.
4. tend to always be funded. - CORRECT ANSWER need explanation in a budget narrative.
May a state officer or employee of a regulatory agency concurrently conduct an outside (private) business or accept outside employment?
1. Yes, provided the outside business activity is unrelated to the area that he or she regulates.
2. No, any outside business engagement gives the appearance of unacceptable conflict of interest.
3. Perhaps, but only if the outside business engagement is approved by the agency's head.
4. There is no clear ethical standard - this is more a question of ability to manage both schedules. - CORRECT ANSWER Perhaps, but only if the outside business engagement is approved by the agency's head.
Which of the following is an example of a utilization rate used to monitor health system performance?
1. Congenital syphilis rate
2. Late stage breast cancer incidence rate
3. Infant mortality rate
4. Readmission rate for depression - CORRECT ANSWER readmission rate for depression
Which of the following best characterizes the contingency theory of leadership?
1. The leader's authority is contingent upon subordinates
2. The leader's effectiveness depends upon factors in the leadership context
3. The leader's effectiveness depends upon the technical competency of staff
4. The leader's authority is contingent upon formal rules and sanctions - CORRECT ANSWER The leader's effectiveness depends upon factors in the leadership context
All written intervention messages (whether printed, computer-delivered, or Internet-based) must:
1. Start with the most important information first
2. Include graphics, pictures, and the like to attract people's attention
3. Be at a reading level suitable to the target population
4. Be no longer than four sentences long - CORRECT ANSWER Be at a reading level suitable to the target population
Select the qualitative method that collects data through a simultaneous conversation with a group of people.
1. key informant interviews
2. discourse analysis
3. surveys
4. focus groups - CORRECT ANSWER focus groups
Waterborne diseases can result from fecal contamination. Which of the following would be classified as a waterborne disease?
1. Cryptosporidium parvum
2. Flavivirus
3. Plasmodium spp.
4. Borrelia burgdorferi - CORRECT ANSWER Cryptosporidium parvum
The objective of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and its equivalent at the State level is to:
1. Subject a proposed major project or action to a comprehensive environmental review study
2. Ensure that an important industrial project or action is constructed
3. Ensure that the environment is protected at all cost
4. Achieve sustainable development while relieving communities concerns - CORRECT ANSWER Subject a proposed major project or action to a comprehensive environmental review study
An investigator measures a continuous variable on four independent groups of people and would like to know whether the means of each group differ. Which statistical method should the investigator use to answer this question?
1. Logistic regression
2. Cox regression
3. Chi-square test of association
4. Analysis of variance - CORRECT ANSWER Analysis of variance
The "Greenhouse Gas" of primary concern in global warming is:
1. Chlorofluorocarbons
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Sulfur dioxide
4. Carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon dioxide
In the planning process, the group being served is referred to as the:
1. Pilot population
2. Key informants
3. General population
4. Priority population - CORRECT ANSWER Priority population
An understaffed city health department submits an annual budget to it's city leadership; including a request for an additional 6.0 FTE positions. This budget includes the funding request but no accompanying narrative and was submitted despite the City Manager's request for each department to avoid any funding increases in their requests. When asked about this, the department responds by:
1. Submitting another budget with no new positions.
2. Asking another department to decrease their budget by 6.0 FTE positions.
3. Provide information to justify the increased number of positions.
4. Reaching out to the media to gain citizen support for the new positions. - CORRECT ANSWER Provide information to justify the increased number of positions.
The primary disadvantage of incremental program budgeting is:
1. It makes comparison from one year to the next difficult
2. It requires the justification of all dollars allocated
3. It requires far more time and effort than zero-based budgeting (ZBB)
4. It may not reflect the current programmatic priorities of the organization - CORRECT ANSWER It may not reflect the current programmatic priorities of the organization
Can federal environmental laws allow States to make parallel environmental laws?
1. Yes, if more stringent than federal standards
2. Yes, if less stringent than federal standards
3. Yes, if no less stringent than federal standards
4. No, states may not make their own environmental laws where federal laws exist - CORRECT ANSWER Yes, if no less stringent than federal standards
Public health agencies should be aware of how to communicate the role of public health with external stakeholders. What is the role of public health agencies when communicating with external stakeholders?
1. To promote the agency and engage in advocacy
2. To promote favorable legislation
3. To provide STI tests and keep the public safe
4. To provide vaccinations - CORRECT ANSWER To promote the agency and engage in advocacy
Under which circumstance would there be no ethical violation for an officer or employee of a governmental regulatory agency to accept food or beverage paid for by others?
1. Any meal, at any time, can be accepted from anyone except when an actual regulatory transaction is taking place.
2. Breakfast or dinner alone at his or her hotel provided in lieu of an honorarium for speaking at an industry-sponsored event.
3. Lunch provided on-site by an organization to everyone involved during day-long inspections of their operational facilities.
4. Meals or social events provided to all registrants at a regional conference attended as a registrant at an agency approved event - CORRECT ANSWER Meals or social events provided to all registrants at a regional conference attended as a registrant at an agency approved event
By what programmatic mechanism does the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) work with states to implement national environmental standards such as NAAQS?
1. By creating a memorandum of understanding focusing on cost-sharing of environmental burdens
2. By establishing air quality monitoring stations
3. By using a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved by the EPA
4. By funding risk assessment studies that provide a basis for the NAAQS for any criterion pollutant - CORRECT ANSWER By using a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved by the EPA
The logic model that has been the dominant paradigm representing types of information that may be collected to draw inferences about quality of care provided by a healthcare system has been:
1. Donabedian's model
2. Shewart's PDCA
3. Theory of Change
4. Web of Causation - CORRECT ANSWER Donabedian's model
When conducting a research study, which of the following is an unique requirement when the study involves human subjects?
1. Securing enough funding for the project
2. Reporting only the data that strengthens support of the hypothesis
3. Ensuring that all participants receive an incentive upon completion of data collection
4. Obtaining a waiver or an approval from an Institutional Review Board prior to the start of the study - CORRECT ANSWER Obtaining a waiver or an approval from an Institutional Review Board prior to the start of the study
Which of the following is an expected benefit of consolidating independent hospitals and provider groups into an integrated health care system?
1. Economies of scale in production
2. Lower costs of integration
3. Ease of accommodating diverse organizational cultures
4. Immediate gains in administrative efficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Economies of scale in production
An appropriately tailored intervention message most importantly should:
1. Take into account characteristics of the target population
2. Be designed through community organizational strategies
3. Meet the criteria established by the funding agency
4. Be designed and tested by colleagues and experts in the field - CORRECT ANSWER Take into account characteristics of the target population
Public health actions frequently involve a balancing of individual rights vs. the good of the community. Where that balance is struck based on:
1. Explicit direction found in the Nations constitution
2. Societal values
3. Science
4. Deontological principles - CORRECT ANSWER 2. societal values
A clinical experiment with four treatment groups was analyzed using an ANOVA and a significant difference in the population means is found. Which of the following is a natural next step?
1. Tukey's or a similar method of pairwise comparison
2. Conduct multiple t tests
3. Conduct multiple chi-square tests
4. Power analysis - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Tukey's or a similar method of pairwise comparison
The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is:
1. Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on control of symptoms
2. Primary prevention focuses on control of acute disease, while secondary prevention focuses on control of chronic disease
3. Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of disease
4. Primary prevention focuses on increasing resistance to disease, while secondary prevention focuses on decreasing exposure to disease - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of disease
Activists criticized America's public health policy response during initial years of its AIDS epidemic on the grounds that:
1. Absence of universal health care insurance prevented victims from accessing expensive treatment
2. Government indifference and political infighting resulted in apathy toward a suffering gay community.
3. Too much money was being spent on treatment, not enough on prevention to stop the epidemic.
4. Too much resource was being spent on urging people to change risk behaviors, not enough on medication. - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Government indifference and political infighting resulted in apathy toward a suffering gay community.
An incremental approach to program planning in public health:
1. Uses multiple sources and methods to collect similar information
2. Provides an intensive, detailed description and analysis of a single project
3. Produces a plan where the specification of every step depends upon the results of previous steps
4. Results in plans that may be immediately necessary but may overlap or leave gaps - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Results in plans that may be immediately necessary but may overlap or leave gaps
Criteria pollutants of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) include:
1. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
2. Particulate matter and ozone
3. Mercury compounds
4. Carbon dioxide and methane - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Particulate matter and ozone
To inform a policy decision so that an intervention will result in the largest possible number of persons benefitted, which of the following statistics provides the most useful indication of the magnitude of exposure to a factor and subsequent development of disease?
1. Likelihood ratio
2. Absolute risk difference
3. Relative risk ratio
4. Prevalence rate - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Absolute risk difference
The best example of community engagement and empowerment refers to which of the following?
1. Teaching community members how to best communicate with providers
2. Conducting health needs and assets assessment with communities and sharing the information
3. Teaching self-determination to community members
4. Reciprocal transfer of knowledge and skills among all collaborators and community partners - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Reciprocal transfer of knowledge and skills among all collaborators and community partners
A supervisor asks three staff members to work together on developing and implementing a community health needs assessment. The supervisor has requested the final needs assessment to be completed in three weeks and after two and a half weeks, only two of the staff members have completed their sections. What would be the best way for the supervisor to give constructive feedback to the staff member who has not completed their assignment?
1. Point out all the issues they have had with this staff member's performance to-date.
2. Prepare by developing a "feedback sandwich" approach with two reinforcing statements surrounding a corrective statement.
3. Give feedback to the staff member as the supervisor catches them on their way into the office.
4. Hold the entire team accountable in group meeting. - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Prepare by developing a "feedback sandwich" approach with two reinforcing statements surrounding a corrective statement.
Waterborne diseases can result from fecal contamination. Which of the following would be classified as a waterborne disease?
1. Cryptosporidium parvum
2. Flavivirus
3. Plasmodium spp.
4. Borrelia burgdorferi - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Cryptosporidium parvum
To evaluate public health performance, we consider capacity, process, and outcomes. Which of the following represents an example of an "outcome?"
1. An increase in the types of vaccines offered to protect against common childhood diseases
2. Decrease in number of children age 0-2 with vaccine preventable disease
3. Routine health care
4. Increase in number of patients seen in the mobile immunization van - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Decrease in number of children age 0-2 with vaccine preventable disease
Using a qualitative evaluation method would be most useful in which of the following scenarios? The researcher is:
1. primarily concerned with the generalizability of the results.
2. interested in capturing the context of program participation and the participants' stories.
3. concerned with ease of analysis and interpretation of data
4. comparing outcomes for a group participating in a program to the outcomes for a similar group not receiving the program - CORRECT ANSWER 2. interested in capturing the context of program participation and the participants' stories.
In a population of 5,000 people, 100 ate spinach contaminated with E. coli (O157:H7) and became ill. Of the ill, 15 died. What was the case fatality rate?
1. 20 per 1,000
2. 3 per 1,000
3. 150 per 1,000
4. 15 per 1,000 - CORRECT ANSWER 3. 150 per 1,000
15/100 = 0.15 X 1000 = 150/1000 persons.
Which term is used to characterize the movement addressing the social condition of unequal distribution of environmental hazards experienced by minority populations or groups with low income?
1. Environmental equity
2. Environmental justice
3. Environmental pollution
4. Environmental democracy - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Environmental justice
A collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the strengths that each brings. For example, these partners could include community members, organizational representatives, and researchers. Please identify which of the following options best describes this type of research.
1. Ecological Study
2. Community Based Participatory Research
3. Theory of Reasoned Action
4. Randomized Community Trial - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Community Based Participatory Research
Which of the following factors is the least essential requirement for effective public health emergency preparedness?
1. Identifying surge capacity in the public health infrastructure
2. Developing channels for real-time interagency communication
3. Training key decision-makers and first responders for coordinated action
4. Developing and testing emergency preparedness plans on a monthly basis - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Developing and testing emergency preparedness plans on a monthly basis
As identified in the seminal 1988 Institute of Medicine report on the future of public health, which of the following is not one of the three core functions of the roles and responsibilities of public health agencies?
1. Assessment
2. Financial performance management
3. Policy development
4. Assurance - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Financial performance management
Cryptosporidium can become a problem in municipal water supplies because it:
1. Bioaccumulates in fish
2. Can survive the chlorine treatment process
3. Can infect the lungs when water is vaporized, such as in a shower
4. Can bore directly through the skin - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Can survive the chlorine treatment process
When a person is healthy, without signs or symptoms of disease, illness, or injury, the level of prevention most appropriate would be:
1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
4. Quaternary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Primary prevention
To work effectively, a public health specialist should be able to meet the social, cultural and linguistic needs of individuals within the community. This is termed cultural:
1. awareness
2. competence
3. feasibility
4. measures - CORRECT ANSWER 2. competence
Which of the following statements is not associated with the current paradigm of quality management?
1. Sanctioning individuals for mistakes is the most appropriate method for ensuring effective quality of care
2. The appropriate locus for ensuring quality is at the system level
3. Process improvement is essential to ensuring quality of care
4. Employee satisfaction and patient satisfaction are closely linked - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Sanctioning individuals for mistakes is the most appropriate method for ensuring effective quality of care
An outbreak of pneumonia has occurred at a resort and it is determined that Legionella is the organism that is responsible. To find the source of the bacteria, one of the highest priorities would be to check:
1. food handlers for infected cuts and sores
2. for dead animals on the property
3. resort water supply and storage
4. employees who have come to work with influenza - CORRECT ANSWER 3. resort water supply and storage
To report on a program to local officials about the degree to which the program meets its ultimate goal and provides evidence for use in policy and funding decisions, what is needed?
1. Feasibility study
2. Cost analysis study
3. Process evaluation
4. Impact evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Impact evaluation
Waiting until a program or intervention is complete to begin evaluation activities misses important and valuable opportunities for what type of evaluation?
1. Outcome and impact evaluation
2. Summative evaluation
3. Process evaluation
4. Participant evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Process evaluation
The first step in the policy process typically is:
1. Undertake Consultation
2. Problem definition
3. Policy analysis
4. develop options and proposals - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Problem definition
The U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the 10th amendment to the U.S. Constitution to give the states 'police powers' to pursue public health initiatives that protect general welfare, however differences in such initiatives persist across the states because:
1. Police powers prohibit states from defining standards of care and required the federal government to do so
2. Standards of care are implied by police powers but implementation is left to the states
3. Police powers permit each state the right to define and delegate authority and responsibility for public health services
4. States use police powers to fund public health services only through property taxes, and these vary from state to state - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Police powers permit each state the right to define and delegate authority and responsibility for public health services
National Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans suggest adults need to participate in at least 150 minutes per week in moderate intensity physical activity for substantial health benefits. A study was designed to test whether there is the difference in mean time (in minutes) spent in moderate intensity physical activity in adults with no, mild, moderate and severe depression. Time spent in moderate intensity physical activity is a continuous measure which can be assessed using an accelerometer. Which among the following is the most appropriate statistical technique to test the difference in time spent in moderate intensity physical activity between adults with no, mild, moderate and severe depression?
1. Spearman correlation
2. ANOVA
3. t-test
4. chi-square test - CORRECT ANSWER 2. ANOVA
Facilitation takes work and in a meeting of multiple stakeholders it becomes important for the facilitator to prioritize his or her role. Above all the facilitator should:
1. Be neutral
2. Focus on the content
3. Take notes
4. Listen to the active speakers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Be neutral
The most important reason for reduced mortality during the initial stage of a demographic/epidemiologic transition in a population is:
1. Increased use of antibiotics
2. Improved sanitation
3. Increased immunization
4. Screening for common infectious diseases - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Improved sanitation [Show Less]