CPH Exam 49 Questions with Verified Answers
Which of the following id a formula for point prevalence of a disease? - CORRECT ANSWER # of current
... [Show More] cases / # of people in a population
Which of the following models explains the relationship between socioeconomic status and health by illustrating that health status and social standing are linked to a combination of interrelated social, cultural, psychological, and environmental factors?
A. Ecological
B. Health belief
C. Transtheoretical
D. Social Influence - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following infectious diseases results from inadequately treated drinking water?
A. dysentery
B. malaria
C. plague
D. tuberculosis - CORRECT ANSWER A
The theory if reasoned action is a model of health behavior targeted at which of the following levels?
A. community
B. global
C. individual
d. organizational - CORRECT ANSWER C
A study is conducted to compare colorectal screening rates in white and black men. Researchers contact 50 white men and 50 black men older than 50 years of age by a telephone and ask them if they had undergone colorectal screening. 55% if white men and 49% of black men report undergoing appropriate screening. Which of the following tests is the most appropriate method of analysis of the surveyed data?
A. paired t-test
B. Pearson chi-square test
C. two-sample t-test
D. Spearman correlation test - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following strategies is placed last in the hierarchy of controls for protecting the health of employees from workplace exposures?
A. Administrative controls (hazard communication)
B. engineering controls (ventilation, isolation)
C. personal protective equipment (hearing protection)
D. Substitution (product replacement) - CORRECT ANSWER C
Vaccination against polio provides life-long protection, whereas influenza vaccines have to be administered each year. Which of the following statements best explains this difference in vaccine action?
A. Influenza vaccines are prepared from killed viruses but polio vaccines are prepared from live, attenuated viruses
B. Influenza vaccines have to be administered by injection, but the oral polio vaccine can be ingested
C. Influenza viruses mutate at a much higher rate than poliovirus
D. Poliovirus can only cause disease in humans, whereas influenza viruses can infect other species - CORRECT ANSWER C
A county public health department has prepared the annual operating budget for its childhood vaccination program. it forecasts that 90,000 children will be vaccinated requiring a total of 48,000 hours of nursing labor at an average cost of $25 per hour and 100,000 doses of vaccination at an average cost of $1.50 per dose. Fixed costs of the vaccination program, such as administration and overhead are estimated at $50,000. Which of the following calculations is most appropriate to obtain the forecast vaccination expense per child?
A. (48,000 A - $1.50) / 90,000
B. (90,000 A - $1.50) / 48,000
C. (100,000 A - $1.50) / 48,000
D. (100,000 A - $1.50) / 90,000 - CORRECT ANSWER D
What percentage of all spending in health in the United States is devoted to public health funding?
A. 3%
B. 11%
C. 28%
D. 53% - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following is a priority air pollutant regulated by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)?
A. asbestos
B. carbon dioxide
C. methane
D. ozone - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following organizations accredits local public health departments?
A. American Public Health Association
B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C. Public Health Accreditation Board
D. State Licensing boards - CORRECT ANSWER C
Which of the following is the most accurate source of denominator data for calculating disease rates in a defined population?
A. United States Census
B. Death certificates
C. hospital discharge records
D. reportable infectious disease reports - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following categories is officially sanctioned by the United States federal government with regard to describing ethnicity?
A. American Indian or Alaska Native
B. Asian or White
C. Black or African-American
D. Hispanic or Latino - CORRECT ANSWER D
In a town hall meeting, several residents of a community of 10,000 raise concern about plans to build a new chemical treatment plant within walking distance of local schools, day-care centers, and parks. The community needs a new treatment plant but the residents concerns about the environmental effect of the plant need to be addressed. The local health department is charged with developing a method whereby citizens can provide information about concerns and recommend alternative strategies. Which of the following is the most effective method of gathering this information.
A. conduct telephone interviews with residents
B. schedule face-to-face interviews with residents
C. Mail surveys to a random selection of households
D. Organize focus groups with representatives from the community - CORRECT ANSWER D
A health behaviors survey conducted in a large urban area includes a question about whether a person is a smoker. The company conducting the survey decides to increase the size of its random sample of survey participants from 1,500 people to approximately 20,000 people. This change will most likely have which of the following effects?
A. increasing the standard of error in the estimate
B. decreasing the variability of the estimate
C. no effect on the survey statistics because the population size is the same
D. Increasing the confidence interval width of the parameter - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following is a modeling and simulation tool used to investigate stocks, flows, and feedback loops of complex problems?
A. interactive planning
B. operations research
C. organizational cybernetics
D. system dymanics - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthcare system based on social justice?
A. access to medical care is viewed as an economic reward of personal effort and achievement
B. Production and distribution of health care are determined by market-based demand
C. An individual's ability to pay is considered inconsequential for receiving medical care
D. Markets are assumed to be more efficient than government at allocating health resources equitably - CORRECT ANSWER C
Which of the following is the formula for point prevalence of a disease?
A. number of current cases / number of persons in a population
B. number of current cases / number of persons who did not have the disease at the starting point of observation
C. number of new cases / number of persons who did not have the disease at the starting point of observation
D. number of new cases / number of persons in the population - CORRECT ANSWER A
In a community with 20,000 births in a given year, five births are premature. Which of the following values represents this in a manner that allows comparison with other populations?
A. 0.025
B. 2.5%
C. 25 per 10,000
D. 25 per 100,000 - CORRECT ANSWER D
When a public health issue emerges for which there is no 'evidence base' to suggest a response strategy, which of the following actions on the part of a public health professional is most appropriate?
A. defer action on the issue until further information about the appropriate intervention is available
B. dismiss the issue because there is insufficient evidence to make an informed decision
C. implement several different strategies at once to assess what is most effective
D. research to build a more thorough understanding of the issue - CORRECT ANSWER D
A health services researcher is studying a new influenza vaccination to determine whether it should be recommended for all senior citizens. Which of the following vaccination attributes is most appropriate to evaluate first in the process of assessing the new vaccination?
A. cost-benefit
B. community education sessions
C. efficacy
D. efficiency - CORRECT ANSWER C
A local health department establishes a program with community outreach and clinical components that is intended to reduce the number of drug-resistant TB cases. A measure of the program's outcomes is the number of
A. clinical visits for drug-resistant TB
B. community education sessions
C. drug-resistant TB cases
D. patients receiving follow-up care for drug resistant TB - CORRECT ANSWER C
Requiring health care providers to report individual cases of disease as they are diagnosed to state or local health departments is an example of which of the following types of surveillance?
A. active surveillance
B. syndromic surveillance
C. passive surveillance
D. sentinel surveillance - CORRECT ANSWER C
A researcher is calculating the infant mortality rate of several states. Which of the following methods is most appropriate to use during this analysis to adjust for racial differences in infant mortality rates among the states?
A. logistic regression
B. direct standardization
C. life table analysis
D. linear regression - CORRECT ANSWER B
A group uses problem solving to reconcile underlying differences and create a win-win situation for the mutual benefit of all parties. This approach exemplifies which of the following styles of conflict management?
A. accommodating
B. stricter motor vehicle inspection laws
C. modifications to vehicles and highway systems
D. stiffer penalties for drunk drivers and repeat speeders - CORRECT ANSWER C
Which of the following historical events raised awareness of the need for the protection of research subjects nd resulted in the 1947 creation of the International Code of Ethics for research?
A. Nazi human experimentation
B. Willow brook hepatitis suicides
C. publication of the Belmont Report
D. Tuskegee Syphilis Study - CORRECT ANSWER A
According to the transtheoretical model of change as individuals go from pre-contemplation to maintenance, 'con' behavior beliefs decrease and 'pro' behavioral beliefs increase. This process is best described as which of the following?
A. decisional balance
B. self-liberation
C. reinforcement management
D. self-efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER A
BMI is sometimes reported as age and gender specific z-scores. Such scores are best described as a function of which of the following?
A. the individuals BMI and the mean and standard deviation and the specific population
B. the individuals BMI and the mean and standard deviation of an entire population
C. the individuals BMI, the mean of the specific population, and the standard deviation of an entire population
D. the individuals BMI, the mean of an entire population and the standard deviation of the specific population - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following terms best describes the power of a local jurisdiction to independently regulate public health, safety, and welfare?
A. unionism
B. home rule
C. preemption
D. self-administration - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following molecules are produced by B lymphocytes during the host response to infection?
A. antibodies
B. antigens
C. enzymes
D. hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following best describes the elasticity of demand for health care in the United States?
A. perfectly elastic
B. perfectly inelastic
C. relatively elastic
D. relatively inelastic - CORRECT ANSWER D
A federal law is passed requiring labeling on food products. In subsequent years the rate of obesity among adults decreases. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the law and the change in obesity
A. casual
B. correlated
C. retrospective
D. prospective - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following is the most important limitation in the use of vital statistics data for public health research?
A. Births and deaths that occur outside of institutions are not recorded
B. data collected vary substantially from state to state
C. Data files are not readily available to people collecting data outside of the agency
D. Variables of research interest may not be collected - CORRECT ANSWER D
A study investigates the relationship of age to BMI. A sample of individuals is selected, and age and BMI are measured. As part of the preliminary analysis a simple linear regression of BMI on age is performed using a stats software package. The resulting estimate of beta from the output describes which of the following?
A. coefficient of determination
B. slope of the regression line
C. estimate of the mean
D. Intercept of the regression line - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following terms refers to the systematic method by with environmental exposure to a substance is quantified using information about the hazardous properties of the substance, the human exposure to the substance, dose-response relationships, and risk characterizations?
A. risk management
B. risk assessment
C. perceived benefits
D. perceived severity - CORRECT ANSWER B
A person states, as a black man in my 60s, I am at risk for prostate cancer. Which of the following is the construct of the Health Belief Model that is best illustrated by this statement?
A. perceived susceptibility
B. perceived barriers
C. perceived benefits
D. perceived severity - CORRECT ANSWER A
A study of national patterns of smoking prevalence finds that the prevalence of women smokers is higher in countries with higher national income per capita, but lower in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. Among men, the prevalence of smoking is lower in countries with higher national per capita income but higher in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. This finding is an example of which of the following phenomena?
A. bias
B. confounding
C. interaction
D. error - CORRECT ANSWER C
Researchers ask a random sample of 1,001 adults nationwide whether they favor or oppose the legalization of weed. 55% of respondents say they oppose it. If the researchers increase the sample size of the poll by a factor of 4, which of the following effects on the length of the 95% confidence interval for the proportion is most likely to be observed?
A. Decrease by a factor of 4
B. decrease by a factor of 2
C. increase by a factor of 2
D. increase by a factor of 4 - CORRECT ANSWER B
The management of a healthcare facility requires staff to adhere to ethical principles and provide culturally appropriate care. The institutionalization of these values is most likely to influence which of the following aspects of health care provided by this facility?
A. acceptability
B. accessibility
C. accountability
D. adequacy - CORRECT ANSWER A
The introduction of sewage to a stream is most likely to cause a measurable change in which of the following ways?
A. decrease in the decomposing organic concentration
B. increase in biochemical oxygen demand
C. increase in dissolved oxygen concentration
D. stabilization of biochemical oxygen demand - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following best describes the tendency for an insured person to overuse health services because he has insurance?
A. adverse selection
B. crowding out
C. moral hazard
D. risk aversion - CORRECT ANSWER C
In addition to ozone and particulates which of the following pollutants is most likely to aggravate asthma?
A. arsenic
B. carbon monoxide
C. lead
D. sulfur dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER D
Assume that the true odds ratio between an exposure and a disease is 2.7. Which of the following results in an observed odds ratio that is weaker than the true odds ratio?
A. decreased availability to diagnose disease in unexposed individuals compared with exposed individuals
B. failure of the unexposed individuals to participate in the study
C. lower prevalence of exposure in control participants than in the total control population
D. poor-quality exposure information that introduces random error into the exposure classification - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following US federal laws prohibits a public health practitioner from sharing individually identifiable health information stored on public health department computer systems?
A. Occupational Safety and Health Act
B. American Health and Security Act
C. Health Communications Act
D. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - CORRECT ANSWER D
A 22-year old Latina women brings her 13 month old daughter to a health department clinic for a routine well-child care. Both are enrolled in the Medicaid program. They live in an inner-city apartment building that the mother describes as 'old and run down'. The infant diet consists of table foods; the principle protein sources are eggs, PB, cheese, and canned tuna. Screening of the infant for which of the following conditions is recommended by the CCD?
A. allergies and asthma
B. pesticide exposure
C. elevated blood lead concentration
D. mercury poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER C
A multi-state regional coalition is in place to identify successful state-level strategies for enhancing healthcare and other community services for children with special health needs. The coalition membership currently includes health care professionals and representatives from the state departments of public health., housing, education, Medicaid, and social services. There is one remaining open seat. Which of the following representatives is most appropriate to fill the open slot?
A. a principal from one of the region's elementary schools
B. a member of a parent advocacy group
C. a pediatric cardiologist
D. a pharmacist - CORRECT ANSWER B
A public health worker is charged with investigating family violence in a community of nearly 1 million residents. The worker uses principles of systems theory in her approach. She incorporates individuals, groups, and their environments. Which of the following terms best describes this concept?
A. community psychology
B. demography
C. ethnobiology
D. social ecology - CORRECT ANSWER D
Variation in medical procedures by race, even when controlling for insurance status, income, age, and severity of conditions, is an example of
A. health disparity
B. racism
C. inadequate access to healthcare
D. a high rate of uninsured individuals - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following is the largest source of radiation dose to the general public nationwide ?
A. medical use of x-rays
B. nuclear powerplants
C. nuclear weapons testing fallout
D. radon gas - CORRECT ANSWER D [Show Less]