What is the basic organizational unit of all living things? - correct ansthe cell
What is one thing that all cells have in common? - correct ansa cell
... [Show More] membrane
What is a membrane comparable to? - correct ansa semi-permeable plastic pag
What is the membrane composed of? - correct ansphospholipids
What are transport holes? - correct ansproteins that help certain molecules and ions move in and out of the cell
What is cytoplasm? - correct ansthe fluid that fills the cell; aka cytosol
What are organelles? - correct ansgroups of complex molecules that help a cell survive; larger the cell the more organelles needed
What do all cells contain? - correct ansDNA and RNA
What can all cells do? - correct anssynthesize protein
What does each cell of an organism consist of? - correct ansnucleic acids, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane
What are make the mitochondria and chloroplasts unique? - correct ansthey are specialized organelles that have specific functions within the cell
How do single-celled organisms differ from multicellular? - correct anssingle-celled organisms contain all of the components necessary for life, while multicellular organism cells can be specialized
How does life begin on the cellular level? - correct anslife begins as a single cell by either asexual or sexual reproduction
How are cells grouped together? - correct ansin tissues
How are tissues grouped together? - correct ansin organs
How are organs grouped together? - correct ansin systems
What is a considered a complete individual? - correct ansan organism
What are ribosomes involved in? - correct anssynthesizing proteins from amino acids
How many ribosomes are in a single cell? - correct ansnumerous and take up about one quarter of the cell
Where are ribosomes located in the cell? - correct anssome are mobile and some are embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum
What does the golgi apparatus (golgi complex) do? - correct anssynthesizes materials such as proteins that are transported out of the cell
Where is the golgi apparatus (golgi complex) located? - correct ansnear the nucleus
What does the golgi apparatus (golgi complex) consist of? - correct anslayers of membranes
What are vacuoles? - correct anssacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal
How are vacuoles presented in different cells (plant/animal)? - correct ansplant: one large vacuole
animal: small, sometimes numerous vacuoles
What is a vesicle within the cell and what does it have? - correct ansit is a small organelle and has a membrane
What does a vesicle in the cell do? - correct ansperforms varying functions including moving materials within a cell
What does the cytoskeleton of the cell consist of? - correct ansmicrotubules
What does the cytoskeleton of the cell do? - correct ansshape and support the cell
What are microtubules apart of? - correct ansthe cell cytoskeleton
What do microtubules do? - correct anssupport the cell
What are microtubules made of? - correct ansprotein
What is cytosol? - correct ansliquid material in the cell
What makes up the cytosol? - correct ansmostly water, but also contains some floating molecules
What does the term cytoplasm refer to? - correct anscytosol and the substructures (organelles) found within the plasma membrane, but not within the nucleus
What does the cell membrane (plasma membrane) do? - correct ansdefines the cell by acting as a barrier, helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell, and determines what enters and exits the cell
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? - correct anssmooth and rough
What distinguishes rough ER? - correct ansribosomes on the surface
What distinguishes smooth ER? - correct ansdoes not have ribosomes on the surface
What is endoplasmic reticulum? - correct ansa tubular network that comprises the transport system of a cell
Where is the endoplasmic reticulum located? - correct ansit is fused to the nuclear membrane and extends through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane
How does mitochondrion differ from cell to cell? - correct ansthey vary in terms of size and quantity
What do mitochondrion do? - correct ansgenerate ATP and involve itself with cell growth and death
What makes mitochondrion DNA unique? - correct ansthey contain their own DNA that is separate from that contained in the nucleus
What are the four specific functions of mitochondria? - correct ansproducing cell energy, cell signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell cycle/growth regulation
What is cell signaling? - correct anshow communications are carried out within a cell
What is cellular differentiation? - correct ansthe process whereby a non-differentiated cell becomes transformed into a cell with a more specialized purpose
What is the general description of cell cycle/growth regulation? - correct ansthe process whereby the cell gets ready to reproduce and reproduces
What does the mitochondria consist of? - correct ansan inner and outer membraneen
What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria enclose? - correct ansencloses the matrix
What does the matrix of the mitochondria contain? - correct ansmitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes
What are between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria? - correct ansfolds (cristae)
What happens in the folds (cristae) of the mitochondria? - correct anschemical reactions occur here that release energy, control water levels in cells, and recycle and create proteins and fats
What kind of respiration occurs in the mitochondria? - correct ansaerobic respiration
What is the centrosome involved in? - correct ansmitosis and the cell cycle
What does a centrosome consist of? - correct ansa pair of centrioles located at right angles to each other and surrounded by protein
What are centrioles? - correct anscylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that occur in pairs
What are centrioles involved in? - correct anscellular division
What does each cylinder in a centriole consist of? - correct ansnine groups of three microtubules
What does the lysosome do? - correct ansdigests protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and also transports undigested substances to the cell membrane to be removed
What is the shape of a lysosome? - correct ansdepends on the material being transported
What are cilia? - correct ansappendages extending from the surface of the cell; can also be a result of fluid being moved by the cell
What causes a cell to move? - correct ansthe movement of cilia
What do flagella do? - correct anscreate whip-like movements to help the cell move
What is a brief description of flagella? - correct anstail-like structures on cells, similar to cilia but usually larger and not as numerous
How many flagella are typically in a cell? - correct ansonly one or very few
What are the nuclear parts of the cell? - correct ansnucleus, chromosomes, chromation, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm
What does a nucleus do? - correct anscontains the chromosomes, regulates the DNA of a call, and passes on genetic traits between generations
What does the nucleus contain? - correct ansnuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, and ribosomes
What is the nucleus? - correct ansa small structure that contains the chromosomes and regulates the DNA of a cell
Why is the nucleus so special to eukaryotic cells? - correct ansit is the defining structure of eukaryotic cells and they all have a nucleus
What are chromosomes? - correct anshighly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA
What does DNA stand for? - correct ansdeoxyribose nucleic acid
What is DNA? - correct ansgenetic material that stores information about the plant or animal
What does chromatin consist of? - correct ansDNA and protein
What makes up chromosomes? - correct ansDNA and protein
What is a brief description of the nucleolus? - correct anssmall, round, and does not have a membrane
What does the nucleolus consist of? - correct ansprotein
What does the nucleolus do? - correct ansinvolves itself in protein synthesis and synthesizes/stores RNA
What does RNA stand for? - correct ansribonucleic acid
What does the nuclear envelope do? - correct ansencloses the structures of the nucleus
What does the nuclear envelope consist of? - correct ansinner and outer membranes made of lipids
What are nuclear pores involved in? - correct ansthe exchange of material between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
What is nucleoplasm? - correct ansthe liquid within the nucleus
What does a cell membrane consist of? - correct ansa phospholipid bilayer (double layer)
How are the hydro- ends arranged in the phospholipid bilayer? - correct anshydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing the external enviroment, the inner layer facing the inside of the cell [Show Less]