One common definition of quality is ________, which focuses on measuring how well the product or service meets targets and tolerances determined by its
... [Show More] designers.
Conformance to specification.
What is fitness for use?
It evaluates how well the product performs for its intended use.
The cost of defect correction
is less costly the earlier defects are found.
Costs of quality inspections, testing, auditing, and test equipment are examples of __________ costs.
Appraisal
Warranty claims, customer complaints, and costs of litigation are examples of ________ costs.
External failure
According to Dr. Taguchi's view of quality
as conformance values move away from the target, loss increases as a quadratic function
_______ is the philosophy that seeks to improve quality by eliminating the causes of product defects.
Total quality management
Who coined the saying "quality is free"?
Philip Crosby
A chart used in TQM that identifies potential causes of particular quality problems is called a
Cause-and-effect diagram.
The purpose of the ISO 9000 is to
establish international quality standards.
ISO 14000 provides tools to identify and report on the adverse impacts of business, including systems and standards for promoting
environmental responsibility
What is a common cause for TQM failure?
Lack of top management support.
Companies that have attained the benefits of TQM have developed a process to identify
the meaning of customer-defined quality.
TQM is a complete philosophy that has to be
embraced with true belief.
The chance that a lot containing an acceptable quality level will be rejected.
Producers risk
The amount by which the line efficiency falls short of 100 percent.
Balance delay
Statistics used to describe quality characteristics and relationships.
Descriptive statistics
What is the term for inspecting a random sample of an output from a process and determining if it produces products within a predetermined range?
Statistical process control
What are the two causes of variation?
Common and assignable
Which of the following is an example of common causes of varitation?
Slight differences in machines
What are assignable causes of variation?
Causes that can be identified and eliminated
What happens when a plot of data falls outside preset control limits?
The process is out of control.
A control chart for ______________ is used to monitor characteristics that can be measured and have a continuous scale.
variables
A control chart for _________ is used to monitor characteristics that have discrete values and can be counted.
attributes
What process width is typically used when computing the process capability index Cp?
6 standard deviations
What does a Cp = 1 tell us?
It means that the process variability just meets specifications; the process is minimally capable.
The six sigma approach is organized around what plan
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
Six Sigma quality implies how many average defects per million?
3.4
What makes acceptance sampling different from statistical process control?
Acceptance sampling is done before or after the process.
What is the process of randomly inspecting a certain number of items from a lot or batch in order to decide whether to accept or reject the entire branch?
Acceptance sampling
Which of the following is true with regard to implementing SPC?
How often to inspect depends on product cost and product volume.
Which of the following is true with regard to quality inspection?
Processes that do not change frequently do not need to be inspected often.
Which of the following is an issue that complicates quality control in service organizations?
The presence of the customer during service delivery.
What is a reason that services have lagged behind manufacturing in the use of statistical process control?
It is difficult to measure the quality of a service.
The ease with which the product can be made is its
manufacturability
What is reverse engineering?
Acquiring a competitor's product and studying its design features.
Which of the following are the steps in the product design process?
Idea development, product screening, preliminary design & testing, and final design.
Which one of these refers to reducing the number of parts and features of the product whenever possible?
Design simplification
What refers to the use of common and interchangeable parts?
Design standardization
_________ is a series of guidelines to follow in order to produce a product easily and profitably.
Design for manufacture
What are the stages of the product life cycle?
introduction, growth, maturity, decline
Building a bridge over the Mississippi river for a new highway uses a ________ process.
project
Which of the following choices of process types shows the degree of product standardization from lowest to highest?
Project, batch, line, continuous.
What processes are used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements in lower volumes?
Intermittent
Which strategy produces products to customer specification after an order has been recieved?
Make-to-order
Throughput time is
the average amount of time a product takes to move through the system.
Productivity is
a measurement of how well a company uses its resources.
Efficiency is
a measurement of performance relative to a standard.
What type of operations focus on products in the late stage of the life cycle?
Repetitive
Intermittent operations are designed to focus on
producing lower volumes of products with differing characteristics. [Show Less]