Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
Smallest particle of an element
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive
... [Show More] charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
nucleus
Center of an atom
Electron Cloud
a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
Valence Electrons
electrons in the outermost shell
Element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Atomic Number
the number of protons in an atom
Atomic Symbol
A one or two letter abbreviation for an element
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Chemical Bonds
An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Molecules
Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Chemical
any substance that has a definite composition
organic compounds
carbon-based molecules
Pure Substance
A substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.
Mixture
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals
Solid
A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
Liquid
A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Physical change
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
Chemical Change
A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
Chemical Reaction
the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
Ionic Bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Covalent Bonds
Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
Metallic Bonds
a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
Periodic Table
A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together.
Group
Vertical column in the periodic table
Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
metals
Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.
Nonmetals
Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
Metalloids
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Conductive
...
malleable
any metal that can be rolled or pounded into flat sheets
Ductile
capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
Law of Conservation of Matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed
Chemical Equations
A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product.
balanced chemical equation
chemical equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation
Coefficients
The numbers in front of the chemical formulas thar indicates how many molecules take part in that reaction.
Subscripts
A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound
Reactant
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
Product
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
Melting
The change in state from a solid to a liquid
Freezing
The change of state from a liquid to a solid
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Deposition
Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.
Sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid [Show Less]