Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER small molecular building blocks of polymers
Endothermic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of
... [Show More]
heat
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER a chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in
order to break its covalent bond; key component in digestion
The creation of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER Endothermic
reaction called dehydration
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER
Exothermic reaction called hydrolysis
4 Types of Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
Macromolecules are also known as - CORRECT ANSWER biopolymers
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER monosaccharide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER A very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose
(meaning it has 6 carbons in it).
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - CORRECT ANSWER -ose
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - CORRECT ANSWER 1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - CORRECT ANSWER cellulose
chitin - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and
by insects/anthropods in their exoskeleton
Glycoprotein - CORRECT ANSWER A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently
attached to it, used by the human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids
attached that attaches to a cell's lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody,
immunoglobulin
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - CORRECT ANSWER glycogen
Smallest unit of a lipid - CORRECT ANSWER fatty acid
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen and carbon
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Adipose Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER Connective tissue in the body that stores fat.
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER Used by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide
structure
This lipid bilayer has a hydrophilic phosphate group that points towards the aqueous
environment: - CORRECT ANSWER phospholipid bilayer
Simplest unit of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER amino acid
All proteins contain - CORRECT ANSWER C, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Functions of proteins in the body - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
4. Increase reaction rate (enzymes).
Amino acids are joined by what bond? - CORRECT ANSWER Peptide
Hydrophobic proteins have a function of providing ________ & are found where? - CORRECT
ANSWER structure; keratin (hair and nails), and collagen (skin)
What is the function of membrane proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER -transport substances across
the plasma membrane as protein channels and carrier proteins
-structure
-body wide communication (immunity)
Hydrophilic proteins in the body are known as - CORRECT ANSWER Globular proteins
Examples of globular (hydrophilic proteins) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Enzymes
2. Antibodies
3. Hemoglobin
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER Protein that increases reaction rate in the body
Fibrous, hydrophobic protein that is the main structural tissue in the body - CORRECT
ANSWER Collagen
Protein with hydrophobic ends that transport material in and out of the cell that is used in cellular
communication - CORRECT ANSWER Membrane protein
Simplest unit of nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER nucleotide
Every monomer of nucleic acid contain 3 things: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. sugar
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogen containing base
2 Types of nucleic acids: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
DNA contains the sugar ____________, while RNA contains the sugar ___________. -
CORRECT ANSWER deoxyribose; ribose
What is the function of messenger RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER Carries information specifying
amino acid sequences of proteins from DNA to ribosomes- translates the DNA's instructions to
make proteins
RNA carries information from the nucleus to the _______ where proteins are made - CORRECT
ANSWER ribosome
______ in DNA and RNA can lead to error in proteins. - CORRECT ANSWER Mutations
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Chromatid - CORRECT ANSWER one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated
chromosome joined at the centromere containing DNA + Protein. [Show Less]