If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER
Hypertonic
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? -
... [Show More] CORRECT ANSWER Interphase: period when the
DNA is replicated (or when the chromosomes are replicated) and is the longest part of the cell
cycle.
B = alleles for brown eyes; g = alleles for green eyes
Which word describes the allele for green eyes? - CORRECT ANSWER recessive
What are groups of cells that perform the same function called? - CORRECT ANSWER Tissues
When does the nuclear division of somatic cells take place during cellular reproduction? -
CORRECT ANSWER Mitosis
Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? - CORRECT ANSWER
lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow
Which of the answer choices provided best defines the following statement?
For a given mass and constant temperature, an inverse relationship exists between the volume
and pressure of a gas? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's law states that for a constant mass and
temperature, pressure and volume are related inversely to one another: PV = c, where c =
constant.
Macromolecules that are the ingredients for cell life - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids
Monomers and Polymers - CORRECT ANSWER monomers are the smaller units that join
together to form polymers.
Dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER is the creation of polymers in which a water
molecule is removed to create a covalent bond
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with
water causing to split monomers apart and release energy
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER are made up of sugars
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides
Monosaccharides (single sugar molecules) - CORRECT ANSWER Glucose and Fructose
* can not be hydrolyzed
Sugar contains - CORRECT ANSWER carbon (C) , hydrogen (H) , oxygen (O)
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
Fructose - CORRECT ANSWER fruit sugar
Saccharides - CORRECT ANSWER means sugar
Disaccharides (two monosaccharides) - CORRECT ANSWER sucrose- found in fruit
lactose - in milk products
Polysaccharides (made up of more than two monosaccharides) - CORRECT ANSWER
cellulose- found in plants
amylose- plants store this energy
glycogen- stored in the liver as a form of energy
Lipids (fats) - CORRECT ANSWER fatty substances that do not dissolve in water
Types of lipids - CORRECT ANSWER triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
Triglycerides - CORRECT ANSWER 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol
triglycerides: saturated - CORRECT ANSWER every carbon is bond to 2 hydrogen
triglycerides: unsaturated - CORRECT ANSWER when carbon bonds to only 1 hydrogen and
bonds to other carbon
omega-3's :found in fish
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER a lipid consisting of glycerol bound to two fatty acids and
a phosphate group.
make cell membrane walls
Steroids - CORRECT ANSWER cholesterol- binds with phospholipids
can be activated into estradiol and testosterone
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and
tissues
*chains of amino acids
amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER building blocks of proteins
20 different amino acids
Polypeptides - CORRECT ANSWER long chains of amino acids
Most common type of proteins - CORRECT ANSWER enzymes and hormones
Globular Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER proteins that are water soluble
EX: hemoglobin
Fibrous Protein - CORRECT ANSWER A protein that does NOT dissolve in water
includes collagens, elastins, and keratins.
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Digestive Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin, lactase,
cholecystokinin, hydrochloric acid
Amylase - CORRECT ANSWER Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Lipase - CORRECT ANSWER pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
Pepsin - CORRECT ANSWER An enzyme present in stomach acid that begins the hydrolysis of
proteins
Lactase - CORRECT ANSWER enzyme that breaks down lactose
(milk)
Cholecystokinin - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulates the gall bladder to contract and send bile
into the duodenum.
Bile - CORRECT ANSWER A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
Nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER is composed of a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar
, and nitrogenous bases
Two types:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid )
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. contains the genetic information
2. contains bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine ( A,G,C,T)
Adenine only binds to Thymine
Guanine only binds to Cytosine
3. is a double helix with one strand being 5' and 3' and the other strand is 3' and 5'
RNA (ribonucleic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER a nucleic acid that translates the code stored in
DNA, which makes possible the synthesis of proteins
composed of: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil
Base sequence - CORRECT ANSWER different pairing of nitrogenous pairs (A,G,T,C) is what
allows everyone to be different.
Replication of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER involves RNA polymerase which starts it in the
leading strand (top strand ) and DNA polymerase finishes it and in the lagging strand RNA
polymerase is used for most of it until the DNA ligase finishes it
Heredity - CORRECT ANSWER Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific
trait
ex: blue eyes, blonde hair, ear wax
Codon - CORRECT ANSWER three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a
single amino acid
Somatic cells (diploid) - CORRECT ANSWER Any cells in the body other than reproductive
cells [Show Less]