Norm-referenced assessment
Norm-referenced assessments are those that compare a student's scores or achievement to that of his or her peers. Examples
... [Show More] include ACT and SAT exams. Students do not fail these tests. Instead, they are given a score which is compared to other students to determine where they fall within a group of their peers.
Criterion-referenced assessments
Used to show what a student know and can do. Most state achievement tests are criterion-referenced. Most of the time, these assessments have a set standard that the students are expected to achieve.
Informal Reading Inventories
An assessment or survey given by a student's regular teacher to help determine the needs of that student. These inventories usually consist of three parts. The teacher should assess the student before the reading takes place, during oral presentation, and after the reading for literal and inferential comprehension. Informal reading inventories should not be used alone to determine the instructional needs of a student.
Anecdotal Records
Are written records of a student's progress and development over time. This includes social, emotional, physical, and intellectual development. A teacher compiles these records, usually on a day-to-day basis, and notes the specific time and date of each occurrence. Anecdotal records are always kept in a positive tone.
Reading Levels
The best way for a reading specialist to assess a student's reading levels and plan proper instruction is to administer an informal reading inventory. An Informal reading inventory is an assessment given by the teacher and is used to discover an individuals strengths and weaknesses. The student reads aloud specific passages selected by the teacher as the teacher takes notes on his or her performance. The student also is asked comprehension questions after the reading. Reading levels are determined by the percentage of words correctly read and the percentage of comprehension questions correctly answered. After the assessment, the teacher uses those percentages to plan instruction tailored to the student.
Print Concepts
One way to assess a child's knowledge of concepts of print is to have the student orally read a simple book or text to you. Even if the child cannot read, "pretend reading" can give insight into his or her knowledge of concepts of print. For Example , if he or she holds the book correctly and turns the pages properly, it shows knowledge of how print is organized and that each page carries meaning. The student also may show an understanding of the connection between spoken words and words that are written. This is shown by turning the pages of the book as he or she tells the story. You may also have the student move his or her fingers across the words he or she is "reading" This will help assess the knowledge of the directionality of print. If the student struggles with any of these concepts, then additional instruction may be needed
Phonemic skills
Students phonemic awareness skills can be assessed through both written test and oral test written test may involve giving the students a list of words have them separate each word into individual full names for example if the written word cat appears on the test students should put lines through the word to show the separation in this instance cat would be the correct answer you can also quiz each student verbally for example you may ask listen to the word set how many sounds do you hear verbalize verbal quizzes are also more effective for testing the phonemic awareness skills of blending separate phoning to form a word and phoneme substitution for example you could ask the student listen to The Sounds bull together what word does that make this could not be done with a written test by examining answers from both test you will be able to properly assess each student strengths and in which areas they require help
Letter recognition
Letter recognition skills can also be assessed through both all test and written test and example of an oil test would be to write every letter of the alphabet on the board as you point to each letter have the students say its name written test are also effective and can say valuable time call out the names of letters and have each student write them down on paper this way saves time because you can test all the students at the same time with the old test you can only test wants to do a daytime with either test be sure that you don't only test them in alphabetical order some students may only memorize to order of the alphabet and not each individual letter therefore it is important to mixed up the order of the letters doing testing
Sound symbols
... one way to assess a child's sound symbol knowledge history allow a passage and then have the student write down what you said. For example let's say you are assessing the students knowledge of the sound. Read all the sentences Chuck likes sounds. He likes chocolate. I have the student write these down. If the writing look something like Chuck lights sounds. He likes chocolate then the student is showing good awareness of sound. However if the student write something like chick like sounds
Mispronunciations
A student miss pronounce is the words one some come and where we're reading out loud. All these words are words that have a regular spellings and must be recognized by the student on site. They cannot be sound it out or figured out by using phonics. For example the student may have try to sell out the word where and pronounce it as the word were. Even if the student correct some so for her so the initial mistreating of the word shows that he or she needs help with such words. The student would best benefit from a teacher's instruction that would help him or her recognize and memorize the sight words [Show Less]