Bass Method
Most widely used method. Bristles are angled at a 45 degree angel towards the gingiva.
Stillman's Method
Bristles are positioned on
... [Show More] the gums rather than into the pockets and directed at a 45 degree angle.
Charter's Method
Bristles are directed occlusally, away from the gingiva. Useful for cleaning orthodontic brackets, prosthesis, and areas treated with surgeries.
Fone's Method
Bristles are moved in large circular motion on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Useful for children, those physically impaired, or adults who lack manual dexterity.
Fluoride Varnish
-Dries immediately upon contact with saliva.
-Does not require a professional prophylaxis before hand.
-Can eat and drink immediately after.
-Avoid brushing, rigorous rinsing, or hard foods for 3 to 4 hours.
-Easier and more effective method
Fluoride is recommended for patients who:
-Have xerostomia
-High caries risk
-Undergoing cancer therapy
-Orthodontics
Fluoride Gel or Foam (office application)
-Applied onto tray and placed in patient's mouth usually for 4 minutes (Read manufactures label).
-Do not eat, drink, or smoke for 30 minutes.
-Most popular types are 1.23% APF and 2% Neutral sodium fluoride.
Stannous Fluoride
-0.4% available for non-prescription use.
-1% neutral sodium fluoride gels available for prescription use.
-Can cause extrinsic staining (especially in patient's with inadequate plaque control).
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF)
-Do NOT use of composites, porcelain, or sealant materials as it causing pitting and roughening.
-Also avoid on root surfaces.
Neutral Sodium Fluoride
Agent of choice on root caries, implants, cosmetic restorations, and reduced salivary flow.
Second trimester
safest trimester for dental treatment.
Pregnancy gingivitis
-Caused by an elevation of hormones estrogen and progesterone. Hormones increase can cause exaggerated gingival response to microorganisms.
Pyrogenic granuloma (Pregnancy tumor)
localized area of gingival enlargement, typically involving interdental papilla, usually diminishes after delivery of baby.
What category of LA can use administer to a pregnant patient?
Category B (lidocaine and prilocaine)
Can you use Nitrous oxide sedation and general sedation on a pregnant patient?
relative contraindication (gas interferes with the absorption of B-12 and other nutrients).
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) index
-presence of 1 or more areas of decay on a child younger than 6 years of age
Severe-Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) index
-Presence of decay in a child younger than 3 years old.
When should a child's first dental appointment occur?
-Within 6 months of the eruption of the first tooth or before 1-year of age.
When should you first start brushing a child's teeth?
-When the first tooth appears.
Erosion causes
-Anorexia Nervosa
-Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
extreme weight loss caused by self-starvation, excessive exercise, use of laxatives, self-induced vomiting.
Bulimia Nervosa
compulsive disorder that involves periods of starvation, binging, and purging.
Signs and Symptoms of erosion
-dental caries from vomiting
-Perimolysis: erosion from vomiting mostly on the maxillary lingual surfaces. Raised appearance of restoration margins.
Abrasion
-V-shaped notch in the gingival portion of the facial aspect of the tooth.
-Results from forces of friction between the teeth or external objects.
-Can happen from improper brushing technique or the use of a toothpick or pipe.
Attrition
-Results from forces between the teeth.
-Wear on the incised and occlusal surfaces from grinding.
Abfraction
-Biomechanical destruction related to fatigue, flexure, and deformation of tooth structure.
-Can appear as a wedge-shaped lesion at the cervical third of the tooth.
What is the most effective public health measure to prevent tooth decay?
Community Water Fluoridation
New recommended level of fluoride is?
0.7 ppm
Old level of fluoride is?
0.7-1.2 ppm
HIV can cause:
-Linear gingival erythema
-Kaposi Sarcoma
-Delayed healing
-Larger than usual ulcers
-Candidiasis
-Etc.
Diabetes can cause:
-Delayed healing
-Periodontal disease
-Candidiasis
-Etc.
ASA 1
Normal, Healthy
ASA 2
Pt. with mild systemic diseases.
-Allergies
-Controlled hypertension
-Asthma
-Mild obesity
-Pregnancy
-Cigarette smoking without COPD
-Diabetes without systemic effects
ASA 3
Pt. with severe systemic disease and some functional limitation.
-Controlled disease of more than one body system
-Controlled CHF
-Poorly controlled hypertension
-Morbid obesity
-Respiratory Problems (COPD)
-Stable angina [Show Less]