Orthopedic Nursing review Course 234 Questions with Verified Answers
Rheumatoid Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER * Systemic, Multi system inflammatory
... [Show More] disorder
* Affects synovial membrane of the joints
* Periods of exacerbation and remissions
Rheumatoid Arthritis Presentation - CORRECT ANSWER * Uniform joint space narrowing
* Peak onset ages 40-60
* Hypertrophied synovium (lining) thickens an invades surrounding tissue
* Nodules in the joints
* Morning Stiffness and stiffness after rest
* Generalized fatigue
* Ulnar deviation
Rheumatoid Arthritis Epidemiology/Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER * Genetic predisposition
* Laxity, sublaxation and contractures
Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER Slow, progressive, non-inflammatory
Affects spine, fingers, knees and hips
Osteophyte or bone spurs are common with what disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoarthritis
The gold standard test for this disease is radiographic changes - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoarthritis
Symptoms Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER * Asymmetric joints
* AM Stiffness
* Stiffness with inactivity
* Stiffness with weather changes
* Antalgic gait-limp or giving way sensation
* Joint crepitus
* Knock kneed or bow-legged
* Heberden's Nodes
* Bouchard's Nodes
Valgus knees is the same as - CORRECT ANSWER Knock knees
Varus knees is the same as - CORRECT ANSWER Bow legged
Heberden's Nodes are in what joint? - CORRECT ANSWER Distal (DIP)
Bouchard's nodes are in what joint? - CORRECT ANSWER Proximal (PIP)
This is the first drug of choice for treating Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER Acetaminopehn (Tylenol)
Total Hip Arthroplasty:
Anterior approach benefits and cons - CORRECT ANSWER Pro: less soft tissue disturbance
Less precautions after SX
3-4 inch incision
Cons: Technically challenging
Anterior Hip precautions - CORRECT ANSWER * Avoid hip extension
* Avoid external rotation
Total Hip Arthroplasty:
Posterior-Lateral approach benefits and cons - CORRECT ANSWER Pro: Tried and True method/Traditional
Requires more physician training
Cons: More precautions after SX
8-12 inch incision
Posterior Hip Precautions - CORRECT ANSWER * No flexion > 90 degrees
* No adduction
* No internal rotation (leg crossing)
Hip dislocation presentation - CORRECT ANSWER * Shortening/Rotation of affected extremity
* Pain with inability to bear weight
How many vertebae are in the C spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 7
How many vertebrae are in the T spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 12
How many vertebrae are in the L spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 5
How many vertebrae are in the S spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 5
What is a herniated nucleus pulposis (HNP)? - CORRECT ANSWER The rupture of a disc in the spine
* the rupture causes leaking with pain and pressure
What are signs and symptoms of a herniated disc? - CORRECT ANSWER * Back Pain-increased with sitting/driving
*Lower extremity pain with numbness
* Muscle weakness -nerve distribution
* Pain with the straight leg raise test
What is the classic test to determine herniated disc? - CORRECT ANSWER Straight Leg Raise
What is the gold standard conservative treatment for a herniated disc? - CORRECT ANSWER * Bed rest-Max of 3 days
What are the symptoms of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER * New onset of bowel or bladder incontinence
* Numbness in the saddle area or perineum
What is the cause of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Pressure on the plexus nerve in the lumbar spine
What is the treatment for Cauda Equina Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Immediate decompressive laminectomy
This spinal disorder is a Pars Interarticularis defect? - CORRECT ANSWER Spondylolysis
This spinal disorder is an anterior translation of one vertebra on another (or slipped forward)? - CORRECT ANSWER Spondylolisthesis
This is a posterior hump in the thoracic spine - CORRECT ANSWER Kyphosis
This spinal disorder is associated with Scheurmann's Disease, is neuromuscular and presents with ankylosing spondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Kyphosis
What does NPO mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Nil Per Os/Nothing by mouth
What is the standard time frame for a patient to be NPO prior to SX? - CORRECT ANSWER 6 hours
What are the main allergies that should be checked for prior to SX? - CORRECT ANSWER Shellfish
* Bedadine
* Seafood
* Medications
* Metal
* Latex
This SX associated condition can occur do to the following: IV access, blood loss, fluid overload, urine output - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid Volume Deficit
This condition is an inherited hypermetabolic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Malignant hyperthermia
Triggers for Malignant hyperthermia are: - CORRECT ANSWER * Neuromuscular blocking agents-SUCCINYLCHOLINE
* Certain anesthetic agents
What is the first drug of choice for treating malignant hyperthermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Dantrolene
What are the 7 drugs treatments for malignant hyperthermia? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Dantrolene
2) Ice IV Saline solution
3) Ice bags around patient
4) Gastric/rectal lavage
5) Lab work
6) Malignant hyperthermia cart
7) Hotline # 1-800-MHHYPER
What are standard time frames for nosocomial surgical site infections to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER * Within 30 days follwing SX
* Up to 1 year if an implant is placed
When using a tourniquet to exsanguinate blood, how long should it be left in place? - CORRECT ANSWER 90-120 minutes
Osteosarcoma is a tumor that arises from what structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Bone
Chondrosarcoma is a tumor that arises from what structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Cartilage
What are the most common areas of the body for osteosarcoma tumor formation? - CORRECT ANSWER Distal femur and proximal tibia
* jaw, shoulder, hip and knee are other common areas
Chondrosarcomas are most commonly found in what areas of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Femur and Pelvis
This type of sarcoma accounts for 16% of primary bone cancers? - CORRECT ANSWER Ewing's Sarcoma
Ewing's Saromas are typically found in what areas of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Long bones
* legs, arms, ribs, pelvis and spine
This tumor stage is a low-grade cell, totally within the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IA
This tumor stage is a low-grade cell, but has grown through the wall of the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IB
This tumor stage is a high-grade cell and is totally within the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IIA
This tumor stage is a high-grade cell but has grown through the wall of the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IIB
This tumor stage is when the caner is any grade and has metastasized? - CORRECT ANSWER III
This CA treatment is used preoperatively to shrink bone tumors to facilitate resection? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotherapy
Common side effects of this treatment include:
* Stomatitis
* Anemia
* Nausea/vomiting
* Alopecia
* Neutropenia
* Thrombocytopenia
* Neuropathy
* Diarrhea/consitpation - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotherapy
When faced with amputation of a limb do to a cancerous tumor, what is the golden rule regarding saving the limb? - CORRECT ANSWER Life over limb
The most common metabolic bone abnormalities are caused by what? - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormal quantities of minerals such as Calcium, and Phosporous
Cells used in bone formation:
This cell builds bone - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoblasts
Cells used in bone formation:
This cell takes away bone (chewers) - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoclasts
Cells used in bone formation:
These cells maintain normal bone and mineral levels - CORRECT ANSWER Osteocytes
This vitamin is important for immune system function, decreases inflammation regulates genes and cells and promotes insulin sensitivity? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D
These 2 hormones increase serum calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER * Parathyroid hormone
* Calcitirol
This hormone is the primary regulator of serum calcium levels? - CORRECT ANSWER Parathyroid hormone
This condition triggers the rapid release of PTH from the parathyroid? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypocalcemia
This medication is the only medication on the market to build bone? - CORRECT ANSWER Fortaoe
This condition effecting the thyroid occurs as a result of too much calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
This condition effecting the thyroid occurs as a result of not enough calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary Hyperparathyroidsim (SHPT)
Signs and symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism are caused by hypercalcemia, what are the signs and symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER * Stones-Renal stones
* Bones-Diffuse bone & joint pain; fractures
* Abdominal Groans-Constipation, ABD pain, Pancreatitis, ulcers.
* Moans- Easily fatigued
* Psychiatric Overtones-Cognitive decline, confusion
Diagnosing Hyperparathyroidsim:
A serum calcium level > than ? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 mg/dl
Diagnosis Hyperparathyroidsim:
These things upon testing are indicative of Hyperparathyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER * Serum Calcium > 10 mg/dl
* Increase in urinary calcium excretion in 24 hr urine test
* Increase in alkaline phosphates
* Increase in PTH Radioimmunoassay
* Decrease DEXA bone density
What are conservative treatment measures for Hyperparathyrodism? - CORRECT ANSWER * Adequate hydration
* Avoid thiazide diuretics
* Adequate Calcium intake
What is the Surgical treatment option for Hyperparathyroidsim? - CORRECT ANSWER Parathyroidectomy-Remove the adenoma and leave 1/2 of the lobe for calcium production.
Why is it important to leave 1/2 the lobe when having a parathyroidectomy? - CORRECT ANSWER It is needed for calcium production
This thyroid condition is usually caused by damage to the parathyroid during surgery, or by some malabsorption disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypoparathyroidism
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER * Muscle spasm/tetany/excitability
* Increase in deep tendon reflexes
* Dry skin/hair loss
* Weakened tooth enamel
Diagnosis Hypoparathyroidism:
What are lab tests that are indicative of Hypoparathyroidsm? - CORRECT ANSWER * Decrease serum Calcium
* Increase Serum Phosphorus
* Decrease in PTH
* Decrease in Vitamin D
* Decrease in urinary Calcium
* Increased bone density due to retained calcium
What is an acute sign of Hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypocalcemia=Tetany
The goal of emergent management of Hypoparathyroidism is to prevent what? - CORRECT ANSWER Prevent Laryngeal spasms, tetany and seizures
What medications should be given to emergently control Hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER * IV Calcium Gluconate
* Chloride
What are some long term Hypoparathyroid management treatments? - CORRECT ANSWER * Lifelong vitamin D therapy
* Lifelong Calcium supplements
* Muscle relaxants to control spasm
This condition is abnormal bone mineralization? - CORRECT ANSWER Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is most commonly due to a disturbance of what vitamin? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D
What are the common risk factors for Osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER * Sedentary Lifestyle
* Vitamin D and Calcium deficiencies
* Excessive alcohol use
* Medications: Corticosteroids, antacids, anti-convulsants (Dilantin)
Diagnosing Osteoporosis:
What key laboratory testing results that indicate Osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER * Increase in 24 hr urine Calcium
* Biochemical markers of bone resorption
What are the ranges for normal bone density scans? - CORRECT ANSWER +1 to -1
This surgical treatment for Osteoporosis consists of bone cement being injected through the pedicles to the vertebral body? - CORRECT ANSWER Vertebroplasty
This surgical treatment for Osteoporosis consists of inflating the bladder of the vertebral body and injecting cement into the vertebral body? - CORRECT ANSWER Kyphoplasty
This disease is also known as Osteitis Deformans (Bone Deformity)? - CORRECT ANSWER Paget's Disease
This disease is classified by accelerated and abnormal bone remodeling, large irregular shaped bones and fragile bones? - CORRECT ANSWER Paget's Disease
This condition associated with Paget's Disease causes a hearing deficit (conductive hearing loss)? - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic Neuroma
Paget's Disease causes a bizarre appearance of bones, what is the appearance? - CORRECT ANSWER Mosaic Pattern
This condition in sudden in onset, generally involves one joint and causes Urate crystal nodules (tophi) - CORRECT ANSWER Gout
What are self management approaches to gout? - CORRECT ANSWER * Hydration > 2 liters
* Weight reduction
* Weight bearing restrictions in the acute phase
What are pharmacologic treatments for gout? - CORRECT ANSWER * NSAIDS-Indometicin
* Colochicine
* Allopurinol
* Probenecid
* Oral glucocorticosteriod
* Febuxostat
What joint does Gout normally present in? - CORRECT ANSWER MTP
* 1st metetarsal
This disease is tick borne? - CORRECT ANSWER Lyme Disease
What is a sign of early presentation of Lyme Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Distinct Skin rash with local lesions
* HX of walking through woods
What is the first stage of Lyme Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER * Erythema Migran (bulls eye) rash 7-10 days
* Headache/fever/malaise
* TX with antibiotics
Late stage presentation of Lyme Disease - CORRECT ANSWER * Chronic arthritis
* Bells Palsy
* Poor Memory
What is the gold standard test for diagnosing Lyme Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER The ELISA screen for antibodies
How is Lyme Disease treated? - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotics
* PNC and Rocephin
This condition is linked to the HLA-B27 gene? - CORRECT ANSWER Ankylosing Spondylitis
What are clinical presentations of Ankylosing Spondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER * HX of dull achiness with stiff neck or back
* Ascending stiffness of the spine (starts at the bottom)
* Fatigue and impaired sleep
What are common signs and symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER * Sausage digits
* Asymmetric swelling/erythema
* Pitted/discolored nails
* Scaly lesions on knees/elbows/trunk
Systemic Sclerosis is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Scleroderma
What is the clinic presentation of Systemic Sclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWER C-Calcinosis (calcium deposits under the skin)
R-Raynaud's Phenomenon (digits feel numb& cold)
E-Esophageal Dysfunction
S-Sclerodactyly (tightening of skin)
T-Tenangiectasia (dilated blood vessels)
2 out of the 5 symptoms confirm the disease
What is the treatment for Systemic Sclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWER * No cure
* Stop smoking
* Skin and dental care
* Physical therapy
This disease is an inflammatory myopathy of the skeletal muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
What are signs of Polymyositis? - CORRECT ANSWER * V-shaped rash on neck or chest
* Falls unrelated to balance
* Heliotrope Rash
This is the most classic and profound symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? - CORRECT ANSWER Butterfly rash on face
Other symptoms of Systemic Lupus are? - CORRECT ANSWER * Photosensitivity
* Arthritis
* Fever
* Anemia
* Joint Pain
* Hair Loss
* Ulcers in Mouth
What are treatment options for Systemic Lupus? - CORRECT ANSWER * No Cure
* NSAIDS
* Plasmaphoresis
* Biologics
Pain at 11 out of 18 tender points on the body confirms what diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibromyalgia
The treatment for this condition involves wearing shoes on the wrong feet and serial casting in severe childhood cases - CORRECT ANSWER Metatarsus Adductus
Genu Valgus is also known as what? - CORRECT ANSWER Knock knees
Genu Valgus is common in what age group? - CORRECT ANSWER 3-5 years old
Improves by age 7
Genu Varus is also known as what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bow legged
Genu Varus can spontaneously resolve by what age? - CORRECT ANSWER 18-24 months
What is the key measurement for Genu Valgus and Genu Varus presentation? - CORRECT ANSWER 2.5 cm
This disease is common in pole vaulters and runners? - CORRECT ANSWER Osgood-Schlatter Disease
This disease involves a palpable lump at the tibia tubercle and pain with forced knee flexion/extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Osgood-Schlatter Disease
This disorder is common in children < 3 years, mainly effects females and common in the first born? - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
This disorder presents as problematic diapering, a leg length discrepancy and unequal skin folds? - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
This test requires the hip to be pushed out posteriorly? - CORRECT ANSWER Barlow's
This test is also known as the "click test" with hip abduction and lifting to reduce the hip? - CORRECT ANSWER Ortolani's
Nursing care for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip includes this method? - CORRECT ANSWER C-Criculation
M-Movement
S-Sensation
T-Temperature
Cast syndrome is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
What are the signs and symptoms of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Feeling of fullness/Abd distention
Nausea/Vomiting
Dehydration
Nursing care measures to prevent Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Turn frequently
Small frequent meals
Avascular Nerosis of the Femoral Head is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Legg Calve Perthes Disease
This condition is the posterior displacement of the proximal femoral epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
When diagnosing Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, what does the x-ray look like? - CORRECT ANSWER Ice cream off the cone
This form of scoliosis is the most common and has familial tendencies? - CORRECT ANSWER Idiopathic
This form of scoliosis is a malformation of the bony vertebral segments? - CORRECT ANSWER Congenital
This form of scoliosis involves paralysis of the trunk muscles and a HX of Cerebral Palsy or Muscular Dystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER Neuromuscular/Paralytic
What degree of scoliosis curvature requires just observation? - CORRECT ANSWER <20 degrees
What degree of scoliosis curvature requires a TLSO brace? - CORRECT ANSWER 20-40 degrees
What degree of scoliosis curvature requires surgical fixation? - CORRECT ANSWER >40 degrees
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Brittle Bone Disease
What are signs of Osteogenesis Imperfecta? - CORRECT ANSWER Blue Sclera
Shepherd crook deformity
Deafness
Dentinogesis
Thin, translucent skin
VonRecklinghausen is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Neurofirbromatosis
Cafe-au-lait spots are associated with which form of Neurofibromatosis? - CORRECT ANSWER VonRecklinghausen
Vestibular Neurofibromatosis is associated with what nerve damage? - CORRECT ANSWER 8th cranial nerve
8th cranial nerve damage from Vestibular Neurofibromatosis causes what? - CORRECT ANSWER Deafness/Acoustic neuromas
This motor disorder is the result of hypoxia to the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebral Palsy
What are the three types of Cerebral Palsy? - CORRECT ANSWER Spastic-Cortial Tract
Dyskinetic-Athetoid
Ataxic-Cerebellum
What are the three main lab studies used in diagnosing Cerebral Palsy? - CORRECT ANSWER Barium Swallow
EEG
Gait analysis
This condition is a neural tube defect? - CORRECT ANSWER Myelomeningocele-Spina Bifida
What are the issues with neural tube defects? - CORRECT ANSWER Spinal malformation
Lumbar spinous processes fail to fuse
90% hydrocephalus
Spina Bifida presentation includes? - CORRECT ANSWER Latex allergy
Insensative skin-watch water temperature
This form of Muscualr Dystrophy is the most common form? - CORRECT ANSWER Duchene's
Duchene's Muscualr Dystrophy presentation? - CORRECT ANSWER + Gower's sign-climbing up the body with hands to stand.
Loss of independent ambulation
How is Muscular Dystrophy diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER Muscle biopsy
This disease is a demyelination of axons in the brain and spinal cord? - CORRECT ANSWER Multiple Sclerosis
What are presentation signs of Multiple sclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Episodic global neurological symptoms
Ataxia
Fatigue
Cognitive impairment
Bowel and bladder issues
How is Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER MRI showing plaques
Spinal Tap
Evoked potentials
This condition is an autoimmune Neuromuscular disorder commonly effecting the eyes? - CORRECT ANSWER Myasthenia Gravis
What are symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluctuating muscle weakness-gittery eyes
Limb/axial muscles
This height is the height in which half of all humans will die from falling? - CORRECT ANSWER 35 feet
An adult should go to a trauma center is they fall from this minimum height? - CORRECT ANSWER 20 feet or 2 stories
Injuries from MVCs are from 3 separate impacts, what are they? - CORRECT ANSWER Vehicle strikes object
Occupant collides with the inside of the vehicle
Occupants internal organs collide with the rigid of the body
Mild pain is generally rated as this number out of 10 - CORRECT ANSWER 0-3
Moderate pain is generally rated as this number out of 10 - CORRECT ANSWER 4-6
Severe pain is generally rates as this number out of ten - CORRECT ANSWER 7-10
Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications:
This Grade of fracture is straight across the bone? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade I
Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications:
This grade of fracture is above the physis (Away from the joint)? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade II
Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications:
This grade of fracture is lower or below the physis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade III
Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications:
This grade of fracture is through the metaphysis/physis/epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade IV
Salter-Harris pedicatric fracture classifications:
This grade of fracture is rammed or compressed? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade V
SALTR in pediatric fracture classifications is used to remember grade levels. What does each letter stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER S-Stright across
A-Above the physis or away from the join
L-Lower or below the physis
T-Through any of the physes
R-Rammed or compressed
What are skin breakdown concerns with casting? - CORRECT ANSWER Inadequate padding
Foreign objects being placed in the cast
What is the major concern when using a spica or full body cast? - CORRECT ANSWER Cast syndrome
What is cast syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Compression of the third or transverse nerve portion of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery
What is compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER An intramuscular pressure in a confined space brought on by trauma or over activity
What does compartment syndrome do? - CORRECT ANSWER Impedes blood flow and function of tissues within the confined space.
Causes neuromuscular compromise
There are how many anatomic compartments in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER 46
How many anatomic compartments are in the extremities of the bday? - CORRECT ANSWER 36
What are the early signs of compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain
Pressue
Pallor
What are the late signs of compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Parasthesia
Paralysis
Pulselessness
This condition is a mechanical blockage of blood vessels by circulating fat particles? - CORRECT ANSWER Fat emboli
When/where are fat emboli most likely to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Long bone fractures
Pelvic fractures
Total hip arthroplasty
Signs and symptoms of a fat emboli are? - CORRECT ANSWER Change in mental status
Respiratory distress
Petechiae of skin & mucosa above the nipple line
These types of dislocations are considered an orthopedic emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER Elbow
Knee
This type of amputation has the best success of re-implant? - CORRECT ANSWER Guillotine
This velocity GSW causes lacerations and crushing injuries with no exit wound? - CORRECT ANSWER Low velocity
This velocity GSW passes through the body causing entry and exit wounds? - CORRECT ANSWER High velocity
This syndrome is also known as Regional Sympathetic Dystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is characterized by what symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain and tenderness associated with vasomotor instability.
Skin changes
Rapid development of bone demineralization:osteoporosis
What is the clinical presentation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Intense burning pain that s out of proportion to injury.
Unable to tolerate light tough
Unable to tolerate weight of sleeves and pants
When assessing a client with a fractured extremity, the assessment should focus on which area of the fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER The distal area
What other injury should you assess for with an anterior shoulder dislocation? - CORRECT ANSWER Brachial Plexus Injury
What type of fracture compromises 90% of distal radius fractures? - CORRECT ANSWER Colle's Fracture (wrist)
This type of fracture is a "dinner fork" deformity or, fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation? - CORRECT ANSWER Colle's fracture (wrist)
During a sensory exam, the axillary nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral Deltoid
During a sensory exam, the radial nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Web space between the thumb and index finger
During a sensory exam, the median nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Tips of the thumb, index and long fingers
During a sensory exam, the ulnar nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Tips of the ring and small fingers
This is the only artery that supplies blood to the forearm? - CORRECT ANSWER Brachial
This is the only artery that supplies blood to the leg? - CORRECT ANSWER Popliteal
This is defined as a traumatic injury to a muscle or tendon? - CORRECT ANSWER Strain
This grade of strain is characterized by stretching of a tendon, possible micro-tears of fibers, mild pain and possible swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 1
This grade of strain is characterized by some tearing of a tendon or muscle fibers, moderate pain with swelling and ecchymosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 2
This grade of strain is characterized by complete rupture of a tendon or muscle fibers, severe pain with swelling and ecchymosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 3
This injury is defined as traumatic injury to a joint when ligaments supporting it are overstretched or torn? - CORRECT ANSWER Sprain
Sprains are caused by what? - CORRECT ANSWER A sudden twisting or hyperextension of the joint
This grade of sprain is involves a stable joint with stretching of a ligament and possible micro-tears of fibers? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 1
This grade of sprain involves minimal or no joint stability with some tearing of ligamentous fibers? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 2
This grade of sprain involves an unstable joint and a complete rupture of the ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 3
This type of injury is caused by a sudden direct blow to one side of the head? - CORRECT ANSWER Brachial Plexus Injury
Clinical presentation of a brachial plexus injury includes? - CORRECT ANSWER Numbness, tingling and weakness of upper extremities
Conservative treatment for a brachial plexus injury includes? - CORRECT ANSWER Ongoing weekly NV exam until WNL
What is a +Painful Arc? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain with active abduction 60-120 degrees
What is a +Impingement Sign? - CORRECT ANSWER Abduction 90 degrees and internal rotation
What is a +Hawkins Test? - CORRECT ANSWER Forward flexion 90 degrees and internal rotation
What is a +Drop Arm Test? - CORRECT ANSWER Indicates complete rotator cuff tear
What is conservative treatment for a rotator cuff injury? - CORRECT ANSWER P-RICE-MM
Physical Therapy
Cortisone injections of chronic
What is clinical presentation of Shoulder Instability? - CORRECT ANSWER + Apprehension and relocation test-anterior instability
+Sulcus sign-inferior instability
What is the mechanism of injury for AC Joint Separation? - CORRECT ANSWER Fall on out stretched arm
This condition is also known as golfers elbow? - CORRECT ANSWER Medial Epicondylitis
This condition is also known as tennis elbow? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral Epicondylitis
What is the mechanism of injury for Medial Epicondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Overuse of wrist flexors
What is the mechanism of injury for Lateral Epicondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Overuse of wrist extensors
A scaphoid fracture is also known as this? - CORRECT ANSWER Snuff box fracture
Where is the snuff box located? - CORRECT ANSWER The base of the thumb
What is the gold standard surgical treatment for trigger finger? - CORRECT ANSWER A1 pulley release
What is the mechanism of injury for a meniscal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER Torsional or rotational injury
This is felt with a meniscal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER A pop or a snap
What is the clinical presentation of a meniscal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to fully extend knee
Inability to bear weight on lower extremity
Buckling or locking of affected joint
+ McMurray or Apley test
Jumping or hopping of the bione over the torn meniscus
These tests are positive indicators of an ankle sprain? - CORRECT ANSWER + Anterior drawer
+ Talar tilt
Explain the Thompson Test - CORRECT ANSWER Patient lies on stomach with one foot and ankle off the exam table.
Examiner squeezes gastrocnemius
If no plantar flexion of foot-suspect achilles tendon tear or rupture.
This condition is a hyperextension of the great toe MTP joint or a sprain /tear of the plantar joint complex? - CORRECT ANSWER Turf Toe
What is the most common cause of Turf Toe? - CORRECT ANSWER Improperly fitting shoes
What is the appropriate amount of water to consume to maintain hydration to avoid sports injuries? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 quarts
You should drink_____ cups of water for every pound lost during sport activities? - CORRECT ANSWER 2-3 [Show Less]