1 Adults Orthopedic Nursing Exam 78 Questions with Verified Answers
4 steps of bone healing - CORRECT ANSWER hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus
... [Show More] formation, bony callus formation, remodeling
factor in bone healing responsible for bone cell formation - CORRECT ANSWER Ca+2
needed to absorb calcium - CORRECT ANSWER vitamin D
if this lab value is elevated we look for bone disease - CORRECT ANSWER alkaline phosphatase
uptake of dye shows inflammatory process - CORRECT ANSWER bone scan
if a patient is allergic to shellfish then what might be of concern regarding diagnostic radiology? - CORRECT ANSWER certain types of dye
6 factors in bone healing - CORRECT ANSWER calcium, vitamin D, no osteoporosis, no infection, good blood circulation, alkaline phosphatase
what type of fluid makes a halo type appearance on a dressing? - CORRECT ANSWER CSF
after a lumbar puncture what position should the patient be in? - CORRECT ANSWER HOB elevated; bedrest
loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint caps - CORRECT ANSWER dislocation
partial dislocation where bone ends still partially touch - CORRECT ANSWER subluxation
what type of exercises are performed if a patient has joint trauma (these help strengthen the muscle) - CORRECT ANSWER isometric
T or F for joint trauma only give NSAIDs when the patient requests - CORRECT ANSWER FALSE
inflammation of bursa - CORRECT ANSWER bursitis
tennis or golfers elbow; inflammation of tendon at point of origin to bone - CORRECT ANSWER epicondylitis
compression of median nerve and inflammation of the lining of synovial sheath - CORRECT ANSWER carpal tunnel syndrome
what test is done for carpal tunnel? - CORRECT ANSWER phalen test
treatments for repetitive injuries ... - CORRECT ANSWER immobilize and rest
ice for 24-48hours and then heat
-medications like NSAIDS
-corticosteroid injections into the joint
symptoms accompanied with a bone fracture - CORRECT ANSWER pain, edema, crepitus, deformity
unstable vs stable - CORRECT ANSWER with or without displacement
complete vs incomplete - CORRECT ANSWER total segment vs partial segment
simple vs compound - CORRECT ANSWER closed vs open
manipulation of the skin to fix the fracture - CORRECT ANSWER closed reduction
surgical manipulation of bone to fix a fracture - CORRECT ANSWER open reduction
advantages and disadvantages of internal fixation - CORRECT ANSWER advantages: fast ambulation; good stabilization
disadvantages: surgery required
7 principles of cast care: - CORRECT ANSWER elevation; turn/rotate; skin edges/pad prn; pain control; window/bivalve (relieves pressure); neurovascular checks; hot spots/drainage
5Ps of neurovascular checks - CORRECT ANSWER pallor, pulses, parasthesia, paresis, pain
numbness/tingling - CORRECT ANSWER paresthesia
T or F in traction weights hang freely and do not touch the floor - CORRECT ANSWER true
skin traction requires what weight? (range) - CORRECT ANSWER 5-10 pounds
with traction comes immobility, so we must monitor for... - CORRECT ANSWER DVT, pneumonia, ileus, renal calculi
type of traction that is intermittent and can be removed throughout the day (2) - CORRECT ANSWER lumbar and cervical
skin traction is ____ term and skeletal traction is ____ term - CORRECT ANSWER short; long
weight range for skeletal traction - CORRECT ANSWER 25-35
T or F infection risk is greater with skeletal traction - CORRECT ANSWER true
3 components of care for skeletal traction - CORRECT ANSWER never remove weights; clean the pins; check pins for infection
components of nursing care for skin traction - CORRECT ANSWER skin assessments; protect pressure sites
auto graft: from ____
allo grat: from ____ - CORRECT ANSWER patient
donor
bone grafts are usually taken from what site? - CORRECT ANSWER iliac crest or tibia
what type of fracture takes priority? skull, facial, or ribs? - CORRECT ANSWER skull
abnormal healing time, but is usually under 6 months - CORRECT ANSWER delayed union
no bone healing within 6-9 months - CORRECT ANSWER non-union
growth of bone fragments in faulty position - CORRECT ANSWER malunion
bone infection resulting in high fever and chills; redness to ulceration and drainage - CORRECT ANSWER osteomylitis
25% of patients with long bone fractures end up with ___ ________ - CORRECT ANSWER fat embolus
when might a fat embolism occur? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 hr to one week
release of fat from exposed bone marrow attract platelets and occludes small vessels causing ischemia, increased capillary permeability and fluid shift - CORRECT ANSWER fat embolus
S&Sx of fat embolus - CORRECT ANSWER respiratory depression, cerebral dysfunction, petechiae
treatment of fat embolus - CORRECT ANSWER oxygen therapy and corticosteroids
increased internal or external pressure due to a poor cast fitting, edema, or hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER compartment syndrome
why do arterial pulses remain normal if someone has compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER because the major arteries are usually outside the compartment
symptoms of compartment syndrome (first 48) (4) - CORRECT ANSWER unrelenting pain, cyanosis, weakness, paresthesia
treatment for compartment syndrome where you surgically slice through the skin until the patient bleeds - CORRECT ANSWER decompressive fasciotomy
where is avascular necrosis most common? - CORRECT ANSWER femoral head
avascular necrosis can occur prior to surgery or.... - CORRECT ANSWER 4-6 months after fracture
it is considered a hip fracture if it is in what location... - CORRECT ANSWER proximal 1/3 of the femur
how soon should you ambulate someone who has had a hip fracture - CORRECT ANSWER 24 hours
no flexion of > ____ degrees; only bend as far as a raised toilet seat - CORRECT ANSWER 90
if someone has a hip fracture, neurovascular checks should be done every ____ hr - CORRECT ANSWER 4
nursing care of hip fractures (6) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. no adduction
2. turn to unaffected side
3. ambulate within 24 hours
4. don't bend more than 90 degrees
5. neurovascular checks Q4
6. use foam splint or pillows between the legs
newer technique for hip repair; shaving and capping of the bone; reduces post op complications, potential to last longer, and if it fails we have a back up plan - CORRECT ANSWER hip resurfacing
the incision for a knee replacement is 8-___ inches on the front of the joint - CORRECT ANSWER 12
T or F in a total knee replacement, the quadriceps muscle and tendon are cut, and damaged tissue is removed - CORRECT ANSWER true
what is the major problem with amputations - CORRECT ANSWER contractures
who is more likely to get spinal graters
1. female 19yrs
2. female 39
3. male 24
4. male 15 - CORRECT ANSWER male 24
what is the priority in a spinal fracture...to decompress the ____ - CORRECT ANSWER cord
complete spinal injury means... - CORRECT ANSWER its across the whole cord
spinal injury at or above C8 causes - CORRECT ANSWER quadraplegia
spinal injury at or above T1 causes - CORRECT ANSWER paraplegia
spinal injury at C1-C3 causes - CORRECT ANSWER death from cardiovascular and respiratory collapse
spinal injury at C3-C5 causes - CORRECT ANSWER death from respiratory failure
in spinal shock, what happens to your BP and heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER decrease! both decrease
spinal shock is cause by... - CORRECT ANSWER massive vasodilation following a cervical or high thoracic injury
how long can spinal shock last? - CORRECT ANSWER it can start immediately and last up to 4-6 weeks
if a patient has a spinal cord injury at or above t6 they are at risk for what for the rest of their life? - CORRECT ANSWER autonomic dysreflexia
the #1 cause for triggering autonomic dysreflexia is a... - CORRECT ANSWER full bladder
autonomic dysreflexia causes _____cardia and _____tension - CORRECT ANSWER brady; hyper
logrolling technique is used in patients who have just had what surgical procedure? - CORRECT ANSWER laminectomy [Show Less]