NAEEP - - National Asthma Education and Prevention Program
- commonly refer to for recommendations on treating asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
... [Show More] Disease (COPD) is made up of what 2 disease - - Chronic bronchitis
- emphysema
albuterol (Proventil) - Bronchodilator
- stimulates beta-2 (bronchodilaton)
- albuterol is inhaled (rescue inhaler), first choice of treatment
- use: asthma
- adverse: increases HR and force of contraction
- contraindications: cardiac tachyarrythmias, severe CAD, HTN, DM
epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Bronchodilator
- stimulates beta-2 (bronchodilaton)
- given SubQ; commonly given in ER during significant events of respiratory distress
- use: asthma
- adverse: increases HR and force of contraction
- contraindications: cardiac tachyarrythmias, severe CAD, HTN, DM
salmeterol (Serevent) - Bronchodilator
- stimulates beta-2 (bronchodilaton)
- long acting, maintenance drug; pt will take BID
- use: asthma
- adverse: increases HR and force of contraction
- contraindications: cardiac tachyarrythmias, severe CAD, HTN, DM
Nursing implications for bronchodilators - - teach prevention (avoid things that trigger attacks)
- how to use inhaler: wait 3-5 minutes between puffs, rinse mouth after to prevent fungal infections
- may use space
- use bronchodilator first, then other inhaler
- mark rescue inhaler for easy ID
ipratropium (Atrovent) - Anticholinergics
- blocks action of acetylcholine in smooth muscle - preventing broncoconstriction
- use: maintenance
- adverse: nervousness, HA, hypotension, GI distress, dry mouth
tiotropium (Spiriva) - Anticholinergics
- blocks action of acetylcholine in smooth muscle - preventing broncoconstriction
- use: maintenance
- adverse: nervousness, HA, hypotension, GI distress, dry mouth
theophylline (Theo-dur, Aminophylline) - Xanthines
- causes bronchodilation
- Theo-dur is given po, Aminophylline, given IV
- use: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
- adverse: CNS stimulation, increased CO, restlessness, convulsions, tachycardia
- not first line agent for treatment - many drug interactions
- Therapeutic level: 5-15 mcg/mL
- toxicity: seizures, arrhythmias
zafirlukast (Accollate), montelukast (Singulair) - Leukotriene Modifiers
- reduce leukotrienes which cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation
- use: asthma, along with bronchodilators and steroids
- adverse: n/v, HA, infection
- contraindications: liver disease
- used for prevention only
- take 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals
fluticasone (Flonase), beclomethasone (Beclovent), budesonide (Pulmicort), triamcinolone (Azmacort) - Corticosteroids
- suppress inflammation, decrease mucous production, decrease edema
- all inhaled
- adverse: inhaled steroids avoids systemic problems, impaired growth in children, dry mouth, cough [Show Less]