NR 283 Unit 5 Discussion Topic – Cystitis and pyelonephritis
Define cystitis and pyelonephritis. Compare and contrast the signs, symptoms, and
... [Show More] pathophysiology behind both of these conditions.
Answer
Cystitis and Pyelonephritis.
Definitions
Cystitis is a medical term that is used to define inflammation of the bladder caused by a bacterial infection commonly referred to as Urinary tract infection. On the other hand, pyelonephritis is a severe and sudden kidney attacks caused by a bacterium or viral attack on renal parenchyma.
Comparison between the Signs and Symptoms of Both Conditions
The signs and symptoms of cystitis include the following: a high and persistent urge to urinate, fever, burning sensation during urinating, cloudy or whitish strong smelling urine, releasing a small amount of urine frequently and having discomfort in the lower abdomen and pelvic area (Hooton, Gupta, Calderwood, & Bloom, 2015). Signs and symptoms of the pyelonephritis include mild fever, vomiting, persistent pain experienced during urinating, nausea where a person’s temperature may rise to up to 39C and sharp pain on back, groins and sides of the body near the abdomen.
Pathophysiology behind the Two Conditions
Cystitis mainly occurs in women who have reached the menopause age while pyelonephritis occurs to women at any given timeframe although it is not a common disease. The bacterium usually ascends through the urinary tract or the blood mainstream (Er, Dundar, Uzuner, & Osmani, 2015). Preventive measures include frequent cleaning of the toilets to reduce cases of transmissions of bacteria from one person to another, especially if the toilet is a shared facility by many people. Treatment entails prescription of antibiotics therapy to treat and prevent further progression of the diseases.
Reference
Er, D. K., Dundar, D., Uzuner, H., & Osmani, A. (2015). Relationship between phylogenetic groups, antibiotic resistance and patient characteristics in terms of adhesin genes in cystitis and pyelonephritis isolates of Escherichia coli. Microbial pathogenesis.
Hooton, T. M., Gupta, K., Calderwood, S. B., & Bloom, A. (2015). Acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. Waltham, MA: Wolters Kluwer. [Show Less]