CARDIO
Exemplar Diseases
1. Hypertension (HTN)
1. Essential (primary)
2. Secondary
3. Staging
4. HTN Crisis - Urgency vs. Emergency
2. Coronary
... [Show More] artery disease
3. PVD
4. Pvt/ PAD =
5. Actute Cornoary Syndrome (STEMI, NSTEMI, Unstable Angina, Stable Angina)
6. Normal EKG Wave
7. Afib (reading the EKG + symptoms/interventions)
NCLEX Topics
1. Pharm. & Parenteral (UV, IM, SQ, ID)
2. Physiological adaptation
Week 6 - Perfusion Kahoot Q's
1. Average pressure within arterial system that is felt by the body’s organs within 1 cardiac cycle?
a. Mean arterial pressure
2. It is the force opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels or the degrees of constriction
a. Systemic vascular resistance
3. Volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle
a. Stroke volume
4. Which factor does not affect stroke volume?
a. Chemoreceptors
5. What is known to be the most effective drug to treat hypertensive
a. IV Sodium Nitroprusside
6. Type of hypertensive crisis that causes target organ disease?
a. Hypertensive emergency
7. Which core measure (Standard protocol)
a. MONA
i. M - Morphine
ii. O - Oxygen
iii. N - Nitroglycerin
iv. A - aspirin
8. Measurement of the percentage of blood leaving your heart each time it contracts?
a. Ejection fraction
9. Which one is considered a normal ejection fraction level
a. 55% or higher
10. Lab test that is considered the "gold standard" to diagnose a myocardial infarction
a. Troponin I
11. The nurse will suspect the patient with stable angina is experiencing a SE of the prescribed metoprolol if:
a. The cardiac monitor shows a heart rate of 45
12. Which one is the major cause of coronary artery disease
a. Atherosclerosis
13. Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor
a. Genetics
14. A blood pressure of 136/89 is which classification of HTN?
a. Stage I
15. A non-compliant client with HTN has a BP of 180/90. Which active hormone in RAAS is causing the increased BP?
a. Angiotensin II
i. This constricts blood vessels to increase BP to trigger release of aldosterone to release sodium & water retention
RAAS Diagram
Cardiac malfunction & fluid volume problems STARTS RAAS SYSTEM
Fluid volume problem
● Losing blood
○ Stimulates RAAS bc of volume deficit
● So give them fluids
● BUN & creatinine increase…
● GFR will be low
● Only occurs when there is a malfunction
Cardiovascular terms
Lewis - Assessment Ch. 31 in Lewis. Pg 658, 657
● SA node = pacemaker CO = SV x HR
A&P Cardio
Cardio Output (CO) = amt. of blood pumped via circulatory system
CO = HR x SV
Stroke Volume = vol. of blood pumped from Left ventricle per beat 70 x 70 = 4,900 ml/min, or 4.9 L/min
Normal range for CO = 4-8L/min Systemic vascular resistance
Lewis page. 660 ??
● Degree of constriction of the blood vessel
● Used in calculation of BP, blood flow, & cardiac function
180/90 = vasoconstriction = increased SVR 80/50 = vasodilation - decreased SVR [Show Less]