Midterm Exam: NR546/ NR 546 Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner | Questions and Verified Answers| Latest!!! 2023/ 2024
... [Show More] Update| Chamberlain
QUESTION
One-third of psychotropic drugs bind to a ______________, and one-third bind to ___________________.
Answer:
neurotransmitter, G-protein-linked receptors.
QUESTION
The six main neurotransmitters are:
Answer:
serotonin (5HT)
norepinephrine (NE)
dopamine (DA)
acetylcholine (Ach)
glutamate (Glu)
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
QUESTION
Signal transduction cascades can produce:
Answer:
downstream (delayed) and/or long-lasting effects
-explains why some psychopharmacological drugs do not provide an immediate response but require time to see the drug effects
QUESTION
Signal transduction cascades
Answer:
communication from the genome of the presynaptic neuron to the genome of the postsynaptic neuron, and then back from the genome of the postsynaptic neuron to the genome of the presynaptic neuron via retrograde neurotransmission
-process involves long strings of chemical messages within both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
-initial events occur in less than a second, but the long-term consequences are mediated by downstream messengers that take hours to days to activate, yet can last for many days or even for the lifetime of a synapse or neuron
-somewhat akin to a molecular "pony express"
QUESTION
Signal transduction cascades: Each molecular site within the cascade of transduction of chemical and electrical messages is a potential location for:
Answer:
a malfunction associated with a mental illness
-also a potential target for a psychotropic drug
QUESTION
Retrograde
Answer:
QUESTION
transcription factor
Answer:
A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes.
QUESTION
antipsychotic meds
Answer:
primarily used for schizophrenia & psychotic disorders
-also used as adjunctive meds for management of tx-resistant depression & other conditions
-not curative
-decrease/control symptoms/improve quality of life
QUESTION
Schizophrenia
Answer:
a disturbance that must last for 6 months or longer, including at least one month of positive symptoms or negative symptoms
-neurodevelopmental, brain disorder
-psychological condition involving chronic or repeated episodes of psychosis
cause: combination of genetics and environmental factors
DX: based on clinical interview
QUESTION
psychosis
Answer:
set of symptoms in which a person's mental capacity, affective response, and capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and relate to others is impaired
QUESTION
Symptoms of psychosis:
Answer:
-delusions & hallucinations (Hallmarks)
-disorganized speech
-disorganized behavior
-distortions of reality
-inappropriate or very strong emotions or apathy
-negative symptoms: diminished emotional expression and decreased motivation
QUESTION
area of the brain thought to be responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia is the ____________. one of the neuronal pathways known to be affected here is the ___________ from the _____________ and the _____________.
Answer:
limbic system, mesolimbic pathway, ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens
QUESTION
schizophrenia: the dopamine theory
Answer:
suggests that in the mesolimbic pathway, neurons from the VTA (ventral tegmental area) release higher than normal levels of dopamine into the synaptic cleft at the NAC (nucleus accumbens).
-More dopamine binds to the D2 dopamine receptors in the NAC. This is thought to be the cause of positive symptoms
QUESTION
Schizophrenia: dopamine and mesocortical system
Answer:
area of the brain thought to be responsible for negative symptoms of schizophrenia, prefrontal cortex
-mesocortical pathway goes from the VTA (ventral tegmental area) to the PFC (prefrontal cortex)
-dysregulation of dopamine between these two areas of the brain results in the negative and cognitive symptoms
QUESTION
Dopamine pathway: mesolimbic [Show Less]