Intro to early childhood education test 1 76 Questions with Answers
Early childhood is defined as which period in a child's lifespand? -CORRECT
... [Show More] ANSWER age birth through 8
Which names are used by ECE professionals to describe those who provide professional care and education to young children? -CORRECT ANSWER -teacher
-early childhood educator
-caregiver
early childhood educators do... ? -CORRECT ANSWER -create an enviroment or set the stage
-work with families
-work as part of a professional team
research has shown that one of the critical elements in program quality is...? -CORRECT ANSWER - the level of the teacher in education and training
an individuals personal values are? -CORRECT ANSWER -principals or standards that a personal believes to be worthwhile
howard garders work -CORRECT ANSWER -defines intelligence from a cultural perspective, based on what is valued with particular societies or social group
what is bias -CORRECT ANSWER -the inclination to favor or reject certain individuals or groups of people
what is important for teachers to know and understand about their personal bias and attitudes towards diversity? -CORRECT ANSWER -Working to identify biases can help teachers recognize when they might be having negative effects on childre
what is concidered to be a center piece of the knowledge based of skilled early childhood educators -CORRECT ANSWER -knowledge of childhood development
the core values in the field of early childhood education and care include -CORRECT ANSWER -statements which represent early childhood educators central beliefs, commitments to society and common purpos
the greatest percentage of programs for children under 5 are -CORRECT ANSWER -private and supported by tuition paid by families of the children who attend
what were early learning standards created to do? -CORRECT ANSWER -describe what children should know and be able to do before they start kindergarden
what does the term full inclusion refer to? -CORRECT ANSWER -programs where children with disabilities are placed in general education classrooms for the entire school day
NAEYC stands for what -CORRECT ANSWER -National Association for the Education of Young Children
what program supplies the majority of care for children under 5 in the US? -CORRECT ANSWER -relatives
What is the Head Start/Early Start program? -CORRECT ANSWER -it is designed to provide programs for children from low income families
training and professional preperation requirements for teachers of children from birth to age 5 -CORRECT ANSWER -are determined by program licensing requirements developed by each
common core standards are? -CORRECT ANSWER -nationally agreed on literacy and math curriculum standards
programs that have met a set of critera for high quality as determined by a professional organization are referred to as? -CORRECT ANSWER -accredited
state funded pre-k programs ____ -CORRECT ANSWER -vary by state in their avaliablity and eligibility requirements
One idea that Comenius contributed to early childhood education was -CORRECT ANSWER -birth to age 6 is of the highest importance for human development, and learning will occur spontanteously through play
Rousseau was an early proponent of -CORRECT ANSWER -a developmental view of learning which includes children learning through play, free of adult interference.
Fredrich Froebel was -CORRECT ANSWER -the father of modern day kindergarden
The National Association for Nursery Education (NANE), founded in 1926, was the first professional organization for nursery educators. This later evolved to become -CORRECT ANSWER -National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
Progressive education was a reaction against traditional forms of public schooling. Its proponents advocated greater freedom and spontaneity in play and involvement of children in the social life of the classroom. One of the leaders of this movement -CORRECT ANSWER -John Dewey
Montessori began her work in early education because -CORRECT ANSWER -an interest in children with serious cognitive delays
The Reggio Emilia approach is known for promoting the intellectual development of children through the systematic focus on symbolic representation. Children in Reggio Emilia schools are encouraged to do what? -CORRECT ANSWER -engage in many modes of expressing their understanding through "The Hundred Languages of Children
Which educator is associated with the Reggio Emilia model of education? -CORRECT ANSWER -Loris Malaguzzi
Which of the following educational philosophers developed the theory that the child comes into the world with a "mind like a blank slate" -CORRECT ANSWER -John Locke
The child-centered approach to education is known today as -CORRECT ANSWER -The Developmentally Appropriate Practice
developmentally approprite practices are based on? -CORRECT ANSWER what is known about how children develop and learn; individual differences between children; and qualities of their families and culture
Four-year-old Gabriella is playing in the sand and dumps it in a pail (physical development), then fills three smaller containers from the pail and says she is measuring flour for a cake (cognitive). Mitzu is near and Gabriella asks her to play (social). This is an example of which of the following principles of development? -CORRECT ANSWER -The child develops as a whole. Physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development are interconnected and influence one another
Drew and Isaac are both healthy one-year-old boys, born within a few days of each other. Drew has been walking since he was 10 months old and Isaac took his first steps at 13 months. This is an illustration of? -CORRECT ANSWER -the developmentally principal that rates of development vary
When people are able to plan, organize, pay attention and remember details, they have developed -CORRECT ANSWER -executive function
The theory of cognitive development which explains how children build knowledge and understanding of their world by interacting with the people and things in their environment is the -CORRECT ANSWER -constructivist theory
Multiple Intelligence theory suggests that there are 9 types of intellegences, what are they? -CORRECT ANSWER -musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, existentialist, and natural
The theorist who developed the sociocultural theory is -CORRECT ANSWER -Lev Vykosky
A toddler who frequently says "no" and wants to do many things independently is showing characteristics of which of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development -CORRECT ANSWER -autonomy vs shame
Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory helps teachers to understand -CORRECT ANSWER -childrens development can best be understood in the context of social, political, economic, and legal systems
the stage of development that involves building inituative is -CORRECT ANSWER -preschool period (3-5)
Early childhood educators share a fundamental belief that the way to ensure that children behave appropriately is to -CORRECT ANSWER -create caring and supportive relationships
Young children need to develop skills for living in a community. These include: -CORRECT ANSWER -empathy, responsibility, and cooperation
child guidence refers to -CORRECT ANSWER - the practice that adults use to help children learn about and use acceptable behaviors and to understand the feelings of others and themselves
what communication strategy contributes to a warm and nurturing relationship with young children? -CORRECT ANSWER -engaging in meaningful conversations about shared interests and experiences
When you pay very careful attention to a child's words and body language, then ask a question or make a statement so the child can clarify his/her meaning and express his/her feelings, you are -CORRECT ANSWER -using active listening
Which of the following techniques is useful when you are having a problem with the behavior of a child or a group of children? -CORRECT ANSWER -using an "i-message"
time out is concidered -CORRECT ANSWER not appropriate because it is adult controlled and does not encourage children to learn appropriate social skill
Four-year-old Zoe is able to wait a short time for a turn with a favorite toy, can make a choice between two or three simple options, understands that her behavior can have an effect on others, knows that people don't always feel the same way that she does and is usually able to follow classroom rules. Which of the following describes Zoe's abilities? -CORRECT ANSWER -she is able to self-regulate
because families use guidance and discipline strategies that may be different from those used in an early childhood classroom, an appropriate practice is for teachers -CORRECT ANSWER -engage in ongoing dialogs with families about their child-rearing practices and beliefs
When an individuals are able to understand the feelings of oneself and of others and to use that knowledge to guide thinking and decision making, they are said to have -CORRECT ANSWER -emotional intelligence
What is behaviorism? -CORRECT ANSWER -behavior that is learned, oservable or a measurable act
What is a consaquence? -CORRECT ANSWER -a response, action or event that instantly follows a behavior
what is a antecendent? -CORRECT ANSWER -any situation, action or event that insantly precedes a behavior
What is meant by mistaken behavior? -CORRECT ANSWER -behavior that is misunderstood because it is unintentional
- kids are learning, developing and being shaped by the enviroment
What is the Montessori Method? -CORRECT ANSWER - 6-12 years old; elementary school
- kids learn from eachother, recognizing their own struggles and focusing on that struggle until they get it right
-teaches independence and responsibility
-enforces kindness
-same teacher all 3 years
what is the Waldorf approach? -CORRECT ANSWER -everyone recieves equal attention
-main instruction through story telling and crafts
-focuses on building charecter and empathy
-avoids comptetition and grades in younger yeats
-learns how to play instrument and 2 languages
What is the Reggio Emilia approach? -CORRECT ANSWER -Pre-K
-focus on cognitive development
- show cases kids values by an art studio; main focus to express themselves
what is the high scope learning approach? -CORRECT ANSWER -focuses on 5 dementions of school readiness; key development indicators, promotes independence, curiousity
-kids participate and learn through direct experince
-gain confidence as thinkers
-child centered approach
Erick Erickson's psychosocial theory of development -CORRECT ANSWER 8 stages; each task needs to be mastered in order to go to next stage
-trust vs. mistrust (infant)- learns nurture and dependence
-autonomy vs. doubt (toddlerhood)- development based off caregiver
-initiative vs. guilt (preschool age)- learn through enviroment & curiousity
-industry vs. inferiority (school age)- learn through success and competence
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs -CORRECT ANSWER -must satisfy levels below before reaching to next; can go up and down pyramid stages
Self-actualization - includes morality, creativity, problem solving, etc.
Esteem - includes confidence, self-esteem, achievement, respect, etc.
Belongingness - includes love, friendship, intimacy, family, etc.
Safety - includes security of environment, employment, resources, health, property, etc.
Physiological - includes air, food, water, sex, sleep, other factors towards homeostasis, etc
Arnold Gesell and Maturational Theory -CORRECT ANSWER -1930's identified "developmental norms" of children from birth through adolescence
-Claimed that genetic inheritance and maturation determined a major portion of an individuals development (maturational theory)
-shaped by the assumptions that development is based in biology, children alternate between good and bad years in development, and that body types share a connection with personality development
jean piaget's constructivist theory -CORRECT ANSWER SENSORIMOTOR STAGE (birth -2 years)
The infant builds an understanding of himself or herself and reality (and how things work) through interactions with the environment.
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (AGES 2 TO 4)
The child is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete physical situations.
CONCRETE OPERATIONS (AGES 7 TO 11)
As physical experience accumulates, accomodation is increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences.
FORMAL OPERATIONS (BEGINNING AT AGES 11 TO 15)
Cognition reaches its final form. By this stage, the person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgements. He or she is capable of deductive and hypothetical reasoning. His or her ability for abstract thinking is very similar to an adult.
Lev Vygotsky: Sociocultural perspective -CORRECT ANSWER - cognitive development is a social process
- problem solving aided by dialogues
-focuses not only how adults and peers influence individual learning, but also on how cultural beliefs and attitudes impact how instruction and learning take place
-zone of proximal development
Urie Bronfenbrenner ecological theory -CORRECT ANSWER -Children's development can be understood only in the context of social, political, legal, and economic
-Head Start Program
-Ecological theory: social and culture context that influence development
five enviromental systems:
1. Micro system- direct social experinces with (family, friends, neighbors)
2. Meso system- relationship between microsystems
3. Exosystem- link between the context where in the person does not have any active role, and the context where in is actively participating
4. Macro System- actual culture of an individual (social class, race etc)
5. The Chronosystem- transitions and shifts in one's lifespan
B.F. Skinner and Behaviorism -CORRECT ANSWER -(nurture) language development is based on familiar learning principles such as association, imitation, and reinforcement
-operant conditioning; • Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can be either positive or negative.
• Punishers: Responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior.
Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences theory -CORRECT ANSWER Instead of a single general intelligence, each person's intellectual capacity is made up of different faculties that can work individually or in concert with one another.
Today early childhood educators believe that play -CORRECT ANSWER helps children develop in all domains: physical, social, emotional, and cognitivly
what is a charecteristic of play -CORRECT ANSWER -freely chosen
-pleasureable and enjoyable
-self oriented rather than object orientaied
The therapy that uses play and play equipment and materials in the diagnosis and treatment of children who have psychological conflicts and problems is called -CORRECT ANSWER -play therapy
M. B. Parten was concerned with and researched which aspect of play -CORRECT ANSWER social
Piaget's three stages of play development are -CORRECT ANSWER practice, symbolic, and games with rules
You have one infant in your group who constantly bangs her toys on the table and drops them to the floor and begins fussing for you to retrieve them for her. The knowledgeable early childhood educator would -CORRECT ANSWER understand these behaviors are developmentally appropriate for the sensorimotor stage and be tolerant of the banging, dropping, and retrieving routine
The type of play that involves playing near others with some interactions and exchange -CORRECT ANSWER associative play
Current research studying how social class and culture affect children's play has found that children from low-income settings display less complex and sophisticated play than -CORRECT ANSWER sociodramatic play is enriched when props reflect the culture and life experiences of the children in the group
A teacher in a preschool classroom places the medical kit, a selection of sheets and towels, and a variety of costumes depicting medical personnel in the block area, watches carefully to see how the play proceeds, then adds a telephone and an appointment calendar at a small table at the entrance to the area. Which play supportive roles is the teacher assume -CORRECT ANSWER stage manager and observer
A small group of children are making a river with water and sand and floating boats down the river. How is their cognitive development supported by this play -CORRECT ANSWER Children solve the problem of directing the water at the right speed and force so water is not absorbed into the sand before it reaches the end of the river [Show Less]