HESI A2 Review – Biology Exam 124 Questions with Verified Answers
In the hierarchic system of classification, which of the following is the least
... [Show More] inclusive? - CORRECT ANSWER Species
After observing an event, you develop an explanation. This statement is referred to as which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothesis
A molecule of water is bonded with another molecule of water by what type of bond? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen
Which of the following is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogn bonding of water? - CORRECT ANSWER Water has a relatively high specific heat value
Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties
Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent
Of all the molecules that are significant to biology, which of the following are considered the most important? - CORRECT ANSWER Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
Lipids are better known as fats, but what are they specifically? - CORRECT ANSWER Fatty acids
Phospholipids
Steroids
What are the two categories of fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWER Saturated fats and unsaturated fats
How do phospholipids function in cells? - CORRECT ANSWER They are integral components of the plasma membrane
Which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant contributor to cellular function? - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins
Proteins are polymers of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Amino acids
Which of the following proteins catalyze different reactions or processes? - CORRECT ANSWER Enzyme
Which of the biologic molecules are components of the molecules of inheritance? - CORRECT ANSWER Nucleic acids
What is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism? - CORRECT ANSWER Metabolism
In a cell, reactions take place in a series of steps called: - CORRECT ANSWER Metabolic pathways
What is the fundamental unit of biology? - CORRECT ANSWER Cell
Which type of cell contains no defined nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER Prokaryotic cell
What is the primary purpose of the flagella on the surface of cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of the cell
Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Golgi apparatus
Which of the following are the distinct organelles that produce cell energy? - CORRECT ANSWER Mitochondrion and chloroplast
Which component of the cell contributes to the protection, communication, and passage of substances into and out of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Cell membrane
The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins. This bilayer creates a hydrophobic region between two layers of lipids, making it which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Selectively permeable
What are the two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production? - CORRECT ANSWER Fermentation and cellular respiration
What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate? - CORRECT ANSWER Glycolysis
Which step in cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER Electron Transport Chain
During cell respiration, the conversion of glucose results in an overall production of how many ATP molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER 32-36
What is the function of water in photosynthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER Supply electrons in the light reactions
Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two catagories? - CORRECT ANSWER Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
Which of the following describes how a bacterium reproduces? - CORRECT ANSWER Binary fission
Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants: - CORRECT ANSWER A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is intiated at that stage
During which phase of cell reproduction does the cell divide forming two separate identical cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Cytokinesis
How does meiosis differ from mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER In meiosis, each of the daughter cells contains half as many chromosomes as the parent
At which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Prophase 1
A cell division occurs in a human. The resulting cells contain 23 chromosomes. This is a description of gametes formed by which process? - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis
If you wanted to determine the probability of a genotype, which of the following would you use? - CORRECT ANSWER Punnett square
Which of the following terms is used to describe the appearance of the organism? - CORRECT ANSWER Phenotype
What is the probability that a recessive trait would be expressed in offspring if two parents who are both heterozygous for the desired trait were crossed? - CORRECT ANSWER 25%
Because genetics is the study of heredity, many human disorders can be determined by studying a person's chromosomes or by creating which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Pedigree
Why is DNA important for metabolic activities of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER It controls the synthesis of enzymes
During protein synthesis, what process uses an RNA strand to produce a complementary strand of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER Transcription
During the process of transcription, a sequence of RNA is generated in which the RNA base cytosine (C) is inserted complementary to the DNA base guanine (G). Which RNA base is inserted complementary to the DNA base thymine (T)? - CORRECT ANSWER Adenine
Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water? - CORRECT ANSWER The results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties.
Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase muscle mass and strength. What biological molecule would you recommend that would accomplish this? - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins
Which organelle wold you expect to be present in a cell responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
A cell from heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusual high proportion of: - CORRECT ANSWER Mitochondria
Which part of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER Electron Transport Chain
When plants do not receive enough water their photosynthetic rated drops. This is because: - CORRECT ANSWER Water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis
Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER Both result in a net production of ATP and NADH
Why is it important for cells to undergo mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue
72 Chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete? - CORRECT ANSWER 36
Which of the following shows how information is transformed to make a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER DNA-RNA-protein
What is the typical result of mitosis in humans? - CORRECT ANSWER two diploid cells
How does water affect the temperate of a living thing - CORRECT ANSWER Water keeps temperature stable
What are the products to kreb cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER carbon dioxide, ATP, and energy carriers
What kind of none connects sugar and phosphate in DNA - CORRECT ANSWER covalent bonds
What is the second part of an organism;s scientific name? - CORRECT ANSWER species
How are lipids different that other organic molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER They are not water soluble
What is a cohesive property? - CORRECT ANSWER water is attracted to water
What is adhesive property - CORRECT ANSWER water is attracted to other substance
Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland? - CORRECT ANSWER melatonin
what is the name of the organelle that organizes protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER ribosome
During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis I
What is the name for a cell that does not contain a nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER prokaryote
What is the name of the physical presentation of an organism's genes? - CORRECT ANSWER phenotype
Which of the following forms of water is the densest? - CORRECT ANSWER liquid
What is the longest phase in the life of a cell - CORRECT ANSWER interphase
What is not found in bacterial cell? - CORRECT ANSWER mitochondria
What kind of macromolecule is hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER proteins
Which of the following is not involved in translation? tRNA, mRNA, ribosome, DNA - CORRECT ANSWER DNA
Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER water
How many different types of nucleotides are there in DNA - CORRECT ANSWER 4 (cytosine, guanine, adenine, thyamine)
Which of the following cell types has no nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER red blood cells
Which part of the aerobic respiration uses oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER electron transposrt chain
What is the most general taxonomic category - CORRECT ANSWER kingdom
What is the name of the process by which a bacterial cell splits into two new cells? - CORRECT ANSWER binary fission
Name the taxonomical classification of living things, in order of increasing specificity. - CORRECT ANSWER kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Name the 5 biological kingdom - CORRECT ANSWER monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
Name the hierarchal levels of life from simplest to more complex - CORRECT ANSWER atoms--> molecules--> organelles--> cells--> tissues--> organs--> organisms --> population --> community--> biosphere
What is the lowest level of organization with all the properties of life - CORRECT ANSWER cells
What are the three domains of living organisms - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya
Phospholipid bilayer has ____ head and ___ tail - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic (polar); hydrophophobic (nonpolar)
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER semifluid "soup" of proteins, enzymes, dissolved salts, sugars. All the organelles and the nucleus float in the cytoplasm
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER contains chromatin: a combination of DNA and associated proteins
nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER an area where synths of ribosomal genes rRNA takes place
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER sorts and modifies protein chains delivered by bound ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER lacks ribosome; site of lipid synthesis
Golgi Body - CORRECT ANSWER connects with the smooth ER, completes lipid synthesis and sorters proteins to their correct destination in small vesicles
Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER transport proteins and lipid to the cell surface; bring proteins and lipids into cells from the cell surface, digest compounds
lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER intracellular digestion; contain a potent brew of digestive enzymes
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER break down fatty acids, amino acids, alcohol
mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER a double membrane bound organelle that makes ATP for cellular energy
Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER plants only; a double membrane- bound organelle that makes sugar from sunlight and CO2 duronh photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER provides cell shape
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER A tough rigid structure made up of cellulose chitin
What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER ribosome
Why is yeast used to make bread rise? - CORRECT ANSWER Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide
How is mitosis different from meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis creates cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell
A cell is in a solution in which the concentration of the solutes is higher inside the cell than outside the cell. What would you expect to happen to the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER It will swell and possibly burst
What is the phloem tissue in plant stems? - CORRECT ANSWER It conducts the energy of light to leaves
Physical factors such temperature and pH can alter enzyme activity because they have an effect on the enzyme's ___. - CORRECT ANSWER shape
What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human - CORRECT ANSWER Parasitism
Beeswax is an example of what kind of molecule - CORRECT ANSWER Lipid
In which phase of cell division do the chromosome replicate - CORRECT ANSWER Interphase
What happens to glucose during glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER It splits into molecules of pyretic acid
How do RNA and DNA derive their names? - CORRECT ANSWER From the sugar each contains
If a bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called? - CORRECT ANSWER Osmosis
What does an enzyme do? - CORRECT ANSWER Speeds up chemical reaction
Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit. What is this called? - CORRECT ANSWER Mutualism
Which structure is found in protists but not in monerans? - CORRECT ANSWER Golgi apparatus
rod shaped bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER bacilli
spiral shaped bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER spirilla
round shaped bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER cocci
What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrolysis
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reactions with water
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER synthesis from simple to complex molecules
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER break down of complex molecules to simpler molecules
Which organelle provides storage space for the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Vacuole
What is a byproduct of fermentation in muscle cells? - CORRECT ANSWER lactic acid
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER Phase of mitosis in which new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes
Names a final step in protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER Amino acid bonds
Foods with a high salt content do not have to be refrigerated. What natural process prevents these foods from spoiling? - CORRECT ANSWER Osmosis
What is necessary for active transport through a membrane to take place? - CORRECT ANSWER ATP
What are saturated fats saturated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen atoms
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? - CORRECT ANSWER 23
What happens to mRNA as it reached the cytoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWER It attaches to a ribosome [Show Less]