intramolecular - answer-forces 'within' a molecule
intermolecular - answer-forces 'between' molecules
ionic - answer-bonding between a metal and a
... [Show More] nonmetal
covalent - answer-bonding between 2 non metals
ionic - answer-electrons are transferred
covalent - answer-electrons are shared
polar covalent - answer-unequal sharing of electrons
non-polar colavent - answer-equal sharing of electrons
intermolecular forces - answer-van der waals forces
hydrocarbon - answer-a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
OH - answer-ending for hydroxyl group
COOH - answer-ending for carboxyl group
NH2 - answer-ending for amino group
dehydration synthesis - answer-type of chemical reaction where a complex substance and water is formed
maltose - answer-two alpha-glucose molecules make _____
sucrose - answer-alpha-glucose and alpha-fructose make ___
lactose - answer-beta-glucose and beta-galactose make ____
alpha 1-2 - answer-bonding number for sucrose
alpha 1-4 - answer-bonding number for maltose
dipeptide - answer-two amino acids combine to form a _____
hydrolysis - answer-breaking down of large molecules with the help of water
catabolic - answer-another name for hydrolysis reaction
anabolic - answer-another name for dehydration synthesis
absorbs - answer-anabolic reaction ____ energy
releases - answer-catabolic reaction ____ energy
1:2:1 - answer-the CHO ratio in carbohydrates
monosaccharide - answer-monomer for carbohydrates
fatty acids, glycerol - answer-monomer for lipids
amino acids - answer-monomer for proteins
nucleotides - answer-monomer for nucleic acids
starch - answer-a polysaccharide used for storage in plants
glycogen - answer-a polysaccharide used for storage in animals (also found in liver)
cellulose, chitin - answer-two polysaccharides used for structural support
cellulose - answer-a type of polysaccharide that cannot be broken down because it is a polymer of BETA-glucose, and every second glucose is inverted
beta 1-4 - answer-bonding number for lactose
glycerol - answer-a 3 carbon chain with alcohol (hydroxyl) groups
philic - answer-the head part of the phospholipid is hydro____
phobic - answer-the tail part of the phospholipid is hydro____
polyunsaturated fat - answer-lipid that contains multiple double bonds
sterols - answer-lipids without a fatty acid component
hydrogenation - answer-the process of breaking down a double bond with hydrogen atoms
cis - answer-hydrogens on the same side of the double bond is a ____fat
trans - answer-hydrogens on the opposite side of the double bond is a ____fat
unsaturated - answer-cis and trans fat are both _______
olestra - answer-artificial fat, leading to anal leakage
intermolecular - answer-this type of bond determines a molecule's state of matter at room temperature
alpha-glucose - answer-monomer unit of starch
amylose, amylopectin - answer-starch is made up of two things, those are ____
chitin - answer-polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects
amino, carboxyl - answer-the two functional groups present in an amino acid
monoglyceride - answer-a molecule that contains 1 fatty acid linked to a glycerol molecule
diglyceride - answer-a molecule that contains 2 fatty acid linked to a glycerol molecule
triglyceride - answer-a molecule that contains 3 fatty acid linked to a glycerol molecule
dipeptide - answer-a molecule that contains two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
shrivelled, plasmolyzed - answer-in a hypertonic solution the animal cell is ____ and plant cell is ____
lysed, turgid - answer-in a hypotonic solution the animal cell is ____ and plant cell is ____
normal, flaccid - answer-in a isotonic solution the animal cell is ____ and plant cell is ____
active transport - answer-process that goes agains the conc. gradient
enzymes - answer-these are protein catalysts
lower - answer-enzymes ____ the activation energy
active site - answer-substrates bind to enzyme at the ____
point of saturation - answer-more substrate more reactions occur, only to a specific point known as ____
cofactors - answer-inorganic, non-protein molecules that help enzymes
coenzymes - answer-organic, non-protein molecules that help enzymes
allosteric site - answer-non-competitive inhibitors attach to enzyme at an _______
feedback inhibition - answer-when a sequence of chemical runs form a common product in end, the product travels back and inhibits earlier enzyme in rxn so no more products are formed, this is known as ______
competitive inhibitors - answer-these type of inhibitors block the normal substrate because they bind to the active side
37 - answer-optimal temperature for animals enzymes to work (normal body temp in Celsius)
protein - answer-enzymes are a type of _____ the speed of chemical reactions
hypertonic - answer-a solution with higher solute conc. than another solution is a _____ solution
hypotonic - answer-a solution with lower solute conc. than another solution is a _____ solution
isotonic - answer-a solution with the same solute conc. than another solution is a _____ solution
hypertonic - answer-in osmosis, according to the osmosis gradient, water always moves to the _____ solution
channel protein - answer-a type of protein in facilitated diffusion which is polar and remains open
carrier protein - answer-a type of protein that is slower than the channel protein
sodium, potassium - answer-protein pumps pump ___
ATP - answer-active transport requires ____ (type of energy)
denaturation - answer-an irreversible process done to proteins
2 - answer-phospholipids consist of a glycerol ___ (#) fatty acids, and a phosphate group
micelle - answer-a sphere formed when phospholipids are added to water
essential - answer-we have 8 ____ amino acids that the body can't make, must be ingested
polypeptide chain - answer-a whole bunch of amino acids linked together forms a ____
alpha 1-4 - answer-amylose has a ____ link
alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6 - answer-amylopectin has a ____linkage and ___ branch
alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6 - answer-amylopectin has a ____ linkage and ___ branch
condensation - answer-another name for dehydration synthesis is ____ rxn
carbon and hydrogen - answer-organic molecules contain ____
organic - answer-all four macromolecules discussed are ____ (organic or inorganic)
water - answer-an inorganic, very important biological molecule
conformation - answer-end result of protein is called final ____ of protein
primary - answer-in what structure of the protein process does the sequencing (according to DNA) of the amino acids happen
fluid-mosaic model - answer-since the cell membrane is constantly moving, and it composed of many things, more than just phospholipids, the most common model is known as the ___
semi-permeable - answer-the cell membrane is ____, meaning it allows certain molecules to pass and not others.
glycoproteins - answer-carbohydrate chains attached to proteins
glycolipids - answer-carbohydrate chains attached to lipids
cholesterol - answer-a type of sterol, very important for the cell-membrane
pinocytosis - answer-"cell drinking"
phagocytosis - answer-"cell eating"
ase - answer-enzymes usually end in '___'
substrate - answer-the reactant that an enzyme acts on when its catalyzes a chemical reaction is called the ____ [Show Less]