What is public health?
What we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy
How is public health unique,
... [Show More] as a discipline? What does each characteristic mean?
Has many features
Social justice (fairness, equity)
Political (policy, communal actions)
Link to government (law and regulation, federal, state, and local government)
Science and social science (epidemiology, biostatistics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, communications)
Prevention (stopping problems before they happen)
How is public health different from medical care?
Medical care takes care of the individual, public health takes care of the community
Why does society often ignore public health?
People don't pay attention when everything is normal, stays in the background
What is evidence? How is it used in public health? What type of evidence is most common in public health?
Proof supporting a claim or belief
Why is a person's zip code more predictive of health than their genetic code?
The area that a person is located in dictates what they are more susceptible to based on what is in their environment. Such as education, access to food, access to medical care and proper screenings, etc. People in different area codes have different environments with different socio-economic factors contributing to the overall makeup of the community
What are health behaviors?
Anything that may impact your health
What are the 3 types of health behaviors? What are examples of each type of health behavior?
Damages health: Poor diet, smoking, drug use. Health Enhancement: Vaccines, exercising, good diet. Health detection: Screenings/tests.
How do social and environmental conditions influence health behaviors?
People often follow along with what they see around them and what is available. So when the environment is negative, it impacts a person's health decisions.
What are the social determinants of health? What are examples of social determinants of health?
The social and economic influences on one's health. Examples include economic stability, education, environment, social community.
Which health behaviors are responsible for the largest number of preventable deaths in the United States?
Health behaviors such as smoking and poor diet are responsible for the highest number of preventable deaths in the U.S.
What is health promotion? What are the different types?
Health promotions are the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions; policy systems and environmental change, communication, and education.
What are examples of how health promotion has been used to reduce tobacco use?
Education has been used to teach people about the effects of smoking, communication through showing people the effects of smoking, and raising taxes on cigarettes is policy system and environmental changes
In Thank You for Smoking, Nic argues that smoking is a personal choice. What evidence suggests that smoking is not a personal choice?
The addictive and the "cool" image cigarettes bring make them not a choice.
What social and environmental circumstances influence smoking?
Advertising, and environment in which you are for example if everyone around you smokes you look like the loser left out eventually you join in
How do Hollywood portrayals of smoking differ from real life?
Hollywood portrays smoking good and hot and cool not showing the real life effects smoking can leave within one's body.
What is the relationship between PG-13 films and smoking among children?
The relationship is pg- 13 "cool" person to smoke then more 13 year olds watching that movie will want to do it but for say a bad guy smokes then your chances of hat kid wanting to smoke is decreased
observational learning
What is prevention? What are the three stages of prevention? What are examples of public health programs at each stage of prevention?
Prevention is the action of stopping something before it happens or gets worse. The 3 stages and examples of prevention are:
Primary: lunch that increases fruits and vegetables.
Secondary: Regular screenings to detect obesity.
Tertiary: A app based for people who want to decrease their calorie count.
Explain what the health impact pyramid shows. What types of interventions have the largest potential to encourage healthy behaviors? What are examples of interventions at each level of the pyramid?
The health pyramid shows different prevention strategies. The largest prevention is counseling and education. An example of each level would first be, more physical activity for kids, education towards public health issues on the general public, BMI Screenings, Taxing unhealthy foods, and then encourage healthy choices.
a. Counseling and education
i. Education in schools
ii. One-on-one counseling
b. Clinical interventions
i. Tertiary prevention
ii. Medical intervention
iii. Disease management
c. Long-lasting protective interventions
i. Vaccinations
ii. Programs
d. Changing the context
i. Smoke-free laws
ii. Bike lanes
iii. Built environment
iv. tax
e. Socioeconomic factors
i. Raising minimum wage
ii. Changing social determinants of health
1. Expanding medical care
What is a food desert?
A location that has limited access to affordable and healthy food choices.
How do food deserts contribute to the obesity problem?
People in food deserts can't get the proper nutrients needed to obtain a healthy lifestyle, they are left normally eating only unhealthy fast food.
How does Fed Up frame the obesity problem?
Individual and societal problems due to cost, location and TV advertising. [Show Less]