Cosmetology Practice Exam 214 Questions with Verified Answers
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER one celled microorganisms with both plant and animal
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Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER microorganism capable of infecting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria.
Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER plant or animal organisms that live on, or in, another living organism and draw their nourishment from that organism. Must have a host to survive.
Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER ability of the body to destroy and resist infection
Sanitation - CORRECT ANSWER removing all visible dirt and debris
Sterilization - CORRECT ANSWER complete elimination of all microbial life, including spores. Only necessary when instruments have come in contact with blood.
OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration - CORRECT ANSWER regulates and enforces safety and health standards to protect employees in the work place.
MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet - CORRECT ANSWER Information about hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of harm and over exposure, flammability and dada incase of fire, proper disposal guidelines and medical information in case a reaction to product occurs.
EPA- Environmental Protection Agency - CORRECT ANSWER Licenses two types of disinfectants used in salons; Tuberculocidal, and Hospital. Hospital products are safe for cleaning blood and body fluids, Tuberculocidal disinfectants are proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which is more difficult to kill.
FDA- Food and drug administration - CORRECT ANSWER Prohibits sale of antifungal products for finger and toenails without a medical prescription.
Universal Precautions - CORRECT ANSWER a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER the basic units of all living thing, from bacteria to plants and animals, and including human beings
Protoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER colorless jelly like substance in cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER All the protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus
Cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER The reproduction process in which cells divide into two identical cells called daughter cells.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy
Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Heart - CORRECT ANSWER Circulates the blood
Lungs - CORRECT ANSWER Supply Oxygen to the blood
Skin - CORRECT ANSWER forms external protective covering of the body
Skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER the physical foundation of the body. It is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shame and are connected by moveable and immovable joints.
Circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER body system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood through the body
Endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
Excretory System - CORRECT ANSWER group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine and lungs that purify the body by the elimination of waste matter
Integumentary System - CORRECT ANSWER Serves as a protective covering and helps in regulating the body's temperature; consists of skin, accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.
Muscular System - CORRECT ANSWER Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue; also contracts and moves various parts of the body
nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently; consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs
Occipital bone - CORRECT ANSWER hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape.
Parietal bones - CORRECT ANSWER bones that form the sides and top of the cranium
Frontal bone - CORRECT ANSWER forms the forehead
Temporal bones - CORRECT ANSWER bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region
ethmoid bone - CORRECT ANSWER Light spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms part of the nasal cavities.
sphenoid bone - CORRECT ANSWER joins all of the bones of the cranium together
lacrimal bones - CORRECT ANSWER Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets).
maxillae bone - CORRECT ANSWER bones of the upper jaw
mandible - CORRECT ANSWER lower jaw bone
turbinal bones - CORRECT ANSWER thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression
cervical vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
thorax - CORRECT ANSWER the chest; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs
scapula - CORRECT ANSWER either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings
ulna - CORRECT ANSWER the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
radius bone - CORRECT ANSWER lower arm bone thumb side, next to ulna, only bone in body that can twist round another w/o breaking
carpus - CORRECT ANSWER the wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments
phalanges - CORRECT ANSWER bones of the fingers and toes
Origin - CORRECT ANSWER Part of the muscle that does not move and is attached to the skeleton, and is usually part of the skeletal muscle.
Insertion - CORRECT ANSWER part of the muscle at the more movable attachments to the skeleton
belly - CORRECT ANSWER the middle part of the muscle
corrugator muscle - CORRECT ANSWER Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
orbicularis oculi muscle - CORRECT ANSWER ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes
procerus muscle - CORRECT ANSWER Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.
latissimus dorsi - CORRECT ANSWER Broad, Flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back. Controls swinging movements of the arm.
deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm
extensors - CORRECT ANSWER muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line
flexors - CORRECT ANSWER Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in bending the wrist
pronators - CORRECT ANSWER muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward
supinator - CORRECT ANSWER muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward
abductors - CORRECT ANSWER muscles that separate the fingers
adductors - CORRECT ANSWER muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together
fifth cranial nerve - CORRECT ANSWER largest cranial nerve; cheif sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve of muscles that control chewing. consists of three branches: ophthalmic, mandibular and maxillary
blood vascular system - CORRECT ANSWER consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body
lymph vascular system - CORRECT ANSWER acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph, lymphatics, and lymph nodes
Matter - CORRECT ANSWER any substance that occupies space and has mass
surfactants - CORRECT ANSWER substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify
hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER means water-loving
lipophilic - CORRECT ANSWER means oil-loving
pH scale - CORRECT ANSWER measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance
Conductor - CORRECT ANSWER any substance that easily transmits electricity
direct current - CORRECT ANSWER electric current that flows only in one direction
converter - CORRECT ANSWER an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current
alternating current - CORRECT ANSWER rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction
volt - CORRECT ANSWER unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor
amp - CORRECT ANSWER unit that measures the amount of an electric current (quantity of electrons flowing through a conductor)
milliampere - CORRECT ANSWER one thousandth of an ampere
ohm - CORRECT ANSWER The unit of measure of electrical resistance.
watt - CORRECT ANSWER Measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second
kilowatt - CORRECT ANSWER a unit of power equal to 1000 watts
Electrotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER electronic facial treatments
electrode - CORRECT ANSWER applicator for directing the electric current from machine to clients skin
anode - CORRECT ANSWER Positive electrode
cathode - CORRECT ANSWER Negative electrode
Galvanic and Tesla - CORRECT ANSWER two main modalities used in cosmetology
Iontophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine
Cataphoresis - CORRECT ANSWER process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole
Anaphoresis - CORRECT ANSWER process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole
Desincrustation - CORRECT ANSWER process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and backheads in the hair follicles
Infrared rays - CORRECT ANSWER invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper, and produce more heat than visible light
Visible light - CORRECT ANSWER Rays that are the primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER used to make reactions happen more quickly
Trichology - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of the hair, it's deseases, and its care is
follicle - CORRECT ANSWER tube like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contain the hair root
hair bulb - CORRECT ANSWER lowest part of a hair strand, the thickened club shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root
dermal papilla - CORRECT ANSWER small cone shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb
arrector pili - CORRECT ANSWER tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect
sebaceous glands - CORRECT ANSWER oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles
cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER outermost layer of the hair
cortex - CORRECT ANSWER middle layer of the hair
medulla - CORRECT ANSWER innermost layer of the hair
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur - CORRECT ANSWER the 5 main elements that make up the human hair
polypeptide chains - CORRECT ANSWER a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (makes up the cortex); cross-linked by 3 different types of side bonds (hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds) which hold keratin fibers in place
hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER a weak physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.
salt bond - CORRECT ANSWER another weak side bond that is easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions
disulfide bond - CORRECT ANSWER Strongest bond that can only be broken by chemicals
Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER tiny grains of pigment in hair and skin
eumelanin - CORRECT ANSWER Melanin that give brown and black color to hair
pheomelanin - CORRECT ANSWER melanin that provides natural hair colors from red and ginger to yellow/blond tones
texture - CORRECT ANSWER thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand
density - CORRECT ANSWER measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch
porosity - CORRECT ANSWER ability of the hair to absorb moisture
elasticity - CORRECT ANSWER ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking
vellus hair - CORRECT ANSWER non-pigmented hair that is short, fine and downy
terminal hair - CORRECT ANSWER long hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies
anagen - CORRECT ANSWER phase of hair that is known as the growth phase, new hair is produced
catagen - CORRECT ANSWER phase that is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of the hair
telogen - CORRECT ANSWER phase that is also known as the resting phase and is the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the the fully grown hair is shed
alopecia - CORRECT ANSWER abnormal hair loss
androgenic alopecia - CORRECT ANSWER hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair which is converted to vellus hair
alopecia areata - CORRECT ANSWER the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots may occur on the scalp or elsewhere on the body
postpartum alopecia - CORRECT ANSWER temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy
canities - CORRECT ANSWER technical term for gray hair
hypertrichosis - CORRECT ANSWER condition of abnormal hair growth, characterized by the growth of teminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair
trichoptilosis - CORRECT ANSWER technical term for split ends
trichorrhexis nodosa - CORRECT ANSWER knotted hair, characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft
monilethrix - CORRECT ANSWER technical term for beaded hair
fragilitas cranium - CORRECT ANSWER technical term for brittle hair
Pityriasis - CORRECT ANSWER technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.
Pityriasis capitis simples - CORRECT ANSWER Is the technical term for classic dandruff characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and an itchy scalp.
Tinea - CORRECT ANSWER medical term for ringworm, a contagious condition caused by fungal infection
Tinea Capitis - CORRECT ANSWER fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots at the opening of hair follicles
Tinea favosa - CORRECT ANSWER fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp, called scatula
scabies - CORRECT ANSWER a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite
pediculosis capitis - CORRECT ANSWER infestation of the scalp with lice
furnucle - CORRECT ANSWER boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle
carbuncle - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger.
Line - CORRECT ANSWER form and space, creates the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle
Form - CORRECT ANSWER mass or general outline of a hairstyle
space - CORRECT ANSWER area surrounding the form
design texture - CORRECT ANSWER refers to wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for your client
Horizontal - CORRECT ANSWER Lines that create width
Vertical - CORRECT ANSWER Lines that create length and height
Diagonal - CORRECT ANSWER Lines that are positioned between horizontal and vertical
Curved - CORRECT ANSWER Lines that soften a design
Volume - CORRECT ANSWER Light colors and warm colors create this illusion
Oval - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that is about 1 1/2 times linger thant its width across the brow
Round - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that has a round hairline and round chin; wide face
Square - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that is wide at the temples, narrow at the middle third of the face, and squared off at the jaw.
Triangular - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that has a narrow forehead, wide jaw, and chin line
Oblong - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that is long, narrow, with hollow cheeks
Diamond - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that is narrow at the forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones and narrow at the chin.
Inverted triangle - CORRECT ANSWER Facial contour that is wide at the forehead and narrow at the chin
Straight - CORRECT ANSWER the "ideal" facial profile
Convex - CORRECT ANSWER Facial profile that curves outward
Concave - CORRECT ANSWER facial profile that curves inward
Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony - CORRECT ANSWER 5 important principles in art and design
Reference points - CORRECT ANSWER points on the head mark where the surface of the head changes, such as the ears, jaw line, occipital bone, or apex
Parietal ridge - CORRECT ANSWER widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown
Occipital bone - CORRECT ANSWER Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull
Apex - CORRECT ANSWER Highest point on the top of the head
Crown - CORRECT ANSWER area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge.
Nape - CORRECT ANSWER area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone
Bang/Fringe - CORRECT ANSWER area that is a triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners
Elevation - CORRECT ANSWER the angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held
graduation - CORRECT ANSWER created by elevation; creates layers
Guideline - CORRECT ANSWER section of the hair that determines the length the hair will be cut
stationary guideline - CORRECT ANSWER guideline that does not move
traveling guideline - CORRECT ANSWER guideline that moves
Texture, Density, porosity, elasticity, growth pattern - CORRECT ANSWER 5 characteristics to look for during a hair analysis
Blunt - CORRECT ANSWER one-length haircut
slide cutting - CORRECT ANSWER method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length
scissor over comb - CORRECT ANSWER technique that involves holding the comb in place while using the tips of the shears to remove length
Notching - CORRECT ANSWER a more aggressive, version of point cutting. Creates a chunkier effect.
slithering - CORRECT ANSWER the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears
slicing - CORRECT ANSWER technique that removes bulk and adds movement through the lengths of the hair
carving - CORRECT ANSWER the version of slicing that creates a visual separation in the hair
Base, Stem, Curl - CORRECT ANSWER Parts of a curl
Ammonium thioglycolate - CORRECT ANSWER the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents
glyceryl monothioglycolate - CORRECT ANSWER the primary reducing agent in all acid waves
exothermic waves - CORRECT ANSWER chemical waving reaction that produces heat
endothermic waves - CORRECT ANSWER chemical waving reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings
thio neutralization - CORRECT ANSWER stops the action of the waving solution, and rebuilds that hair into its new form
epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER The outer layer of the skin
basal cell layer - CORRECT ANSWER also known as the stratum germinativum layer; the deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.
melanocytes - CORRECT ANSWER cells that contain melanin - give skin color
stratum spinosum - CORRECT ANSWER Spiny layer, just above the basal cell layer. Causes skin to shed
stratum granulosum - CORRECT ANSWER granular layer, consists of cells that look like distinct granules; these are almost dead and pushed to the surface to shed
stratum lucidum - CORRECT ANSWER clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface
stratum corneum - CORRECT ANSWER horny layer, the outer layer of the epidermis
dermis - CORRECT ANSWER the underlying or inner layer of the skin
papillary layer - CORRECT ANSWER outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis
reticular layer - CORRECT ANSWER the deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients
bulla - CORRECT ANSWER blister containing a watery fluid
cyst - CORRECT ANSWER a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure, Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin.
macule - CORRECT ANSWER a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated
papule - CORRECT ANSWER Pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
pustule - CORRECT ANSWER a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus
tubercle - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule.
tumor - CORRECT ANSWER an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
vesicle - CORRECT ANSWER Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.
wheal - CORRECT ANSWER Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle.
Nail bed - CORRECT ANSWER portion of the skin that the nail plate sits on
bed epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed
matrix - CORRECT ANSWER where the natural nail is formed
lunula - CORRECT ANSWER visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin
nail plate - CORRECT ANSWER The most visible and functional part of the nail module
free edge - CORRECT ANSWER part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate
eponychium - CORRECT ANSWER living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area.
hyponychium - CORRECT ANSWER thickened stratum corneum of the epidermis that lies underneath the free edge of the nail
Nail wraps - CORRECT ANSWER nail enhancements made by using nail-size pieces of cloth or paper
Polymerization - CORRECT ANSWER a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound [Show Less]