alphabetic language - ANSWER-English; meaning symbols and letters reflect pronunciation of a sound; ESL students' first lang may not be alphabetic because
... [Show More] they use symbols; phonological knowledge must be taught, so alphabet needs to be taught
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER-an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words.
Analytic Phonics - ANSWER-In this approach, instruction begins with the identification of a familiar word. The teacher then introduces a particular sound/spelling relationship within that familiar word
Synthetic Phonics - ANSWER-In this systematic and explicit approach, students learn to transform letters and letter combinations into sounds and then the sounds together to form recognizable words. Teach individual parts and build to whole
auditory discrimination - ANSWER-The ability to hear differences in sounds
auditory span - ANSWER-the number of words, numbers, or sounds a student can hold in his working memory. Can limit dictation or note taking.
blend - ANSWER-two or more sounds that are frequently grouped together- each sound can be separated into its individual components
cedilla - ANSWER-a diacritical mark (,) placed below the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced as an s
circumflex - ANSWER-the code marked placed over vowels to indicate an unusual pronunciation
compensatory approach - ANSWER-one does not attempt to remediate the problem but instead recommends modifications within the learning environment which allows the student to be successful
Cloze Procedure - ANSWER-The use of semantic and syntactic clues to aid in completing sentences."Fill in the blank"
Coding - ANSWER-putting code marks on words- encourages kinesthetic involvement and discourages guessing
combination - ANSWER-a pattern of letters which occurs frequently together. They form an unexpected sound (vr's, qu, wh)
comorbid - ANSWER-two or more disorders in the same individual
consonant - ANSWER-sounds that are blocked or partially blocked by the tongue teeth and lips
Decoding - ANSWER-using the sound/symbol system and structural analysis to unlock unfamiliar words (synthetic)
derivative - ANSWER-adding a prefix or a suffix to a base word
diacritical markings - ANSWER-a mark indicating pronunciation
dieresis - ANSWER-two dots over an a (a)
diphthong - ANSWER-The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds. (ow, oi)
discovery method - ANSWER-Presentation of new material which can be deduced or discovered by the students (Socratic Method)
Dolch List - ANSWER-high frequency word list which may be regular or irregular
crossed, mixed dominance - ANSWER-the student who is NOT right handed, right eyed, and right footed or left handed, left eyed, left footed
Dyscalculia - ANSWER-unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain
Encoding - ANSWER-to spell (analytic)
etymology - ANSWER-the study of word origins
Fernald - ANSWER-developed a kinesthetic system for teaching the deaf by tracing words. Orton used her work as his kinesthetic model and was influenced by her work.
Grapheme - ANSWER-Letter or group of letters used to spell a phoneme. A written representation of a sound using one or more letters.
irregular words - ANSWER-Words that contain letters that stray from the most common sound pronunciation; words that do not follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, been).
linguistics - ANSWER-study of the production, properties, structure, meaning and use of language. "Multisensory letter introduction"
Mathew Effect - ANSWER-the widening gap over time between strong and weak readers- rich get richer, poor get poorer
metalinguistic awareness - ANSWER-the ability to reflect on the use of language; meta: thinking about. This includes phonological awareness, decoding, encoding
mnuemonics - ANSWER-a device used to assist memory
Modality - ANSWER-the sense a person is using (auditory, visual, kinesthetic)
Morpheme - ANSWER-in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a single phoneme, single syllable, or multisyllabic. A word may have more than one morpheme (sleepiness)
morphology - ANSWER-the study of the structure of words (prefixes, suffixes, root words)
orthography - ANSWER-the conventional spelling system of a language; the study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form words (only domain at written level)
phoneme - ANSWER-in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER-The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
phonological awareness - ANSWER-an umbrella term that includes the ability to hear rhyme, to count syllables, and blend/unblend sounds
Phonetics - ANSWER-the study of the sounds of a language- 44 speech sounds
Phonics - ANSWER-the instructional method that teaches the use of writen symbols to represent the speech sounds for reading and spelling
phonogram - ANSWER-synonym for grapheme
Phonology - ANSWER-study of speech sounds, the rules and patterns of speech sound combinations and production- larger umbrella term than phonics- unconscious set of rules and patterns that automatically occur in spoken language- a in sank sounds different than in cat
print awareness - ANSWER-word boundaries, left to right, top to bottom- CHALLS stage 1
psycholinguistic guessing game - ANSWER-kenneth goodman and frank smith- language is irregular, teaching phonics amounts to no more than guessing
Quadrigraph - ANSWER-four letters that come together to make one sound
Schwa - ANSWER-a pronunciation symbol with the sound of "uh" as in about; often the vowel sound in an unstressed syllable
scribal o - ANSWER-an o that is pronounced short u- it is the thought that medieval scribes changed the u into an o (compass, love, and son)
Semantics - ANSWER-the science of meaning -think semantic web
sibilant - ANSWER-making or characterized by a hissing sound (s), (ks), (z), (ch), (sh), (j), or (zh)
situation reading/spelling - ANSWER-the ideas that letters before or after a letter influences the reading and/or spelling of that letter
sound picture - ANSWER-writing a word in parenthesis to illustrate the pronunciation of the sound
sound-symbol correspondence - ANSWER-the ability to associate individual sounds with printed letters
temporary and invented spelling - ANSWER-this is emerging spelling- it is encouraged in youth students ti develop sound/symbol knowledge for spelling
strephosymbolia - ANSWER-means twisted symbols. The first term Orton used for dyslexia.
Structural Analysis - ANSWER-the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
suffix - ANSWER-a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning
Syntax - ANSWER-the order of words in a sentence
tilde - ANSWER-a diacritical mark (~) placed over over a vowel r in a combination to indictate the unaccented pronunciation
Trigraph - ANSWER-three letters that come together to make one sound
unvoiced, voiced - ANSWER-voiced sounds require the vibration of the vocal cords during their production. All vowels are voice. Some consonants are voiced.
Wild Old Words - ANSWER-Anglo-Saxon- long i or o when unexpected; : mind, most, kind
RAN - ANSWER-Rapid automatized naming
Domains of Language - ANSWER-form (syntax, morphology, phonology), content (semantics), use (pragmatics)
receptive language - ANSWER-comprehension of spoken language
expressive language - ANSWER-how we express language; the ability to use sounds, signs, or symbols to communicate meaning
Ladder of Language Acquisition - ANSWER-first on ladder....bottom up- oral receptive-(listening), oral expressive-(speaking), written receptive (reading), written expressive (spelling, writing) top of ladder
interactive components of language- - ANSWER-together they compose language
form- observable features of language
content- meaning component of language
use- pragmatics
pragmatics of language - ANSWER-social use of language- conversational skills, figurative language, feelings/emotions
P-Possum - ANSWER-Pragmatics, phonology, orthography, semantics, syntax, uh uh dont need u, morphology
Chall reading Stage 0- 6 months-6 years - ANSWER-pre-reading, pretends to read, retells story when loo [Show Less]