Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of
... [Show More] pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess
amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
Explain in detail how the stomach contents enter the small intestine
The pyloric sphincter (valve), located at the base of the stomach, relaxes causing
a small quantity of chyme to pass through the opening into the first part of the
small intestine.
This initiates a reflex that causes the muscles of the sphincter to contract and
close the opening temporarily. Then the sphincter relaxes again and allows more
chyme to enter.
Be able to label the following:
Stomach
Gallbladder
Jejunum (not small intestine)
Appendix (not large intestine)
Rectum (not large intestine
...
A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this
toxicity? Explain your answer.
A. Water soluble vitamin
B. Fat soluble vitamin
C. All of the above
Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for
the body to rid itself of them.
Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the large intestine.
Absorption: In the large intestine water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and
vitamins are absorbed.
Defecation: Feces travel to the rectum where it is excreted via the anus.
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes.
The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric
acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria
ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary
amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of
pepsin.
Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the
chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen
(secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the
breakdown of proteins
Match the digestive organ with the one substance it produces:
Large intestine
stomach
small intestine
Vitamine K
Secretin
Trypsin
Salivary amylase
Pepsinogen
Large intestine = vitamin K
stomach = pepsinogen
small intestine = secretin
what is the purpose of the hormone leptin
decrease hunger, increase satiety
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx.
B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine.
C. The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive
system.
D. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends
B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine.
(It controls the entrance to the large intestine)
True/False: Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat,
and cholesterol.
True
True/False: Anabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules
True
True/False: The oropharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx.
False (The nasopharynx is the most superior region)
True/False: The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscle: circumferential and oblique.
False: no oblique layer
True/False: The digestive work of salivary amylase is an example of mechanical digestion.
False: chemical digestion
Label the following three types of raised bumps on the tongue.
Describe the purpose
of type C
A: Filiform papillae
B: Circumvallate papillae
C: Fungiform papillae
The papillae are raised bumps on the tongue. The three types of
papillae help to grip food on the tongue: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform.
Fungiform papillae contain taste buds.
Which of the following statements is true
concerning glycolysis?
- Pyruvic acid are broken down into glucose.
- Two ATP molecules are formed in first breakdown of glucose.
- Glucose is broken down into three pyruvate molecules.
- Glucose is broken down into two sucrose molecules.
Two ATP molecules are formed in first breakdown of glucose
Which of the following statements is false
concerning the second stage of glucose
breakdown?
a. This second stage is also known as the TCA cycle.
b. Pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide.
c. Additional ATP is formed.
d. This is also known as the electron transport system
d. This is also known as the electron transport system
Which of the following statements is false
concerning the Electron Transport System?
a. Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration.
b. Approximately a total of 34 ATP are formed.
c. Protons are pumped out of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
d. The proton motive force forms ATP molecules
a. Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration.
Label the following on a diagram:
A: Left Central Incisor; It is Chisel-shaped for biting food.
A: Left Central Incisor
C: Left Canine (cuspid)
E: Right Molar
F: Maxilla (Hard Palate)
Describe tooth type A:Chisel-shaped for biting food
...
Match the structure with the best description: Pancreas:
a. Storage site for bile
b. Attached to the soft palate
c. Secretes juices which digest all types of foods
d. Stores glycogen and produces urea
e. Forms food into a bolus
c. Secretes juices which digest all types of foods
Match the structure with the best description:
Small Intestine:
a. First section is called the jejunum
b. Contains the LES
c. Attaches to the greater omentum
d. Pancreas secretions enter here via Hepatopancreatic ampulla
e. Secretes Vitamin K
d. Pancreas secretions enter here via Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Match the structure with the best description
Muscularis externa (layer of tissue):
a. Made of two layers of muscle
b. Innermost layer
c. Secretes mucous
d. Contains blood and lymph vessels
e. Begins in the mouth
a. Made of two layers of muscle [Show Less]