List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
a. The purpose of cellul... [Show More] ar respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F)
a. False- (ATP is produced, not ADP)
b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F)
b. True
c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F)
c. False- (This process is called endocytosis)
d. Receptor mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
d. True
e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure.(T or F)
e. False- (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
In your own words, discuss Tay Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur?
(1)Lysosomes (2) buildup of toxic lipids inside the cell (biomacromolecules) (3) disability and death, In the genetic disease known as Tay Sachs, one of the normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death.
You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why?
The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: Trachea, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Alveoli
Oropharynx
Label the following five items from the diagram:
Label B- Oral Cavity, Label D- Epiglottis, Label E- Glottis, Label F- Trachea, Label G- Esophagus
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region.
3: Stomach, 4: Gallbladder, 7: Jejunum (not small intestine), 9: Appendix (not large intestine), 10: Rectum (not large intestine)
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes.
The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins.
Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below:
2: Nasal bone, 4: Zygomatic bone, 6: Inferior nasal concha, 7: Maxilla, 8: Mandible
Label the bones in the figure below:
A: Trapezium, B: Scaphoid, C: Lunate, D: Triquetral, E: 5th metacarpal (must include both parts for full credit)
A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer.
(1) Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease. When bone tissue degenerates faster than is replaced, the bones become weak. Brittle bones cause increased pain and are more likely to fracture. (2) They would have decreased osteoblasts which are responsible for bone repair. The bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of bone which is done by the work of osteoblasts.
Label the following five muscles:
B: Temporalis, C: Orbicularis oculi, E: Zygomaticus major, G: Buccinator, J: Depressor labii inferioris
When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs?
F. B&D: B. Wrist extension, D. Extension of digits 2-5
Would you expect a male to have estrogen in their bloodstream? Explain why or why not.
(1)Yes. Both male and female bodies produce "all" the sex hormones. However, the ratios are different., (2) The adrenal glands are largely responsible for producing this "opposite" hormone that the testis would not.
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys.
ADH
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I am secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas.
Insulin
Aldosterone is involved in the regulation of sodium and potassium in the body. Explain how too much aldosterone could contribute to high blood pressure.
Aldosterone's primary target organ is the kidney, where it promotes renal absorption of sodium and renal excretion of potassium. The blood sodium level is particularly important to the maintenance of blood pressure. Too much sodium causes retention of fluid and increases blood pressure. Therefore, too much aldosterone will cause increased and potentially high blood pressure. [Show Less]
