True or false.
The lungs are symmetrical.
False
Hilum
the "root" of the lung
healthy lung tissue is what color
peachy/pink
... [Show More] color
pleurae
membranes that surround the lungs and the cavity around the lungs
visceral pleura
layer of pleura that faces/covers the lung
parietal pleura
outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall that covers the surface around the lungs
pleural space/cavity
Space between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes (small)
typically empty but has a small amount of fluid that allows for frictionless breathing
when diseased, this space can fill with air or fluid
what is the function of the pleurae
the pleurae help reduce friction and help with inflation and inhalation
compartmentalize, protect, and lubricate the lungs
the three main functions of the respiratory system
1) air conduction
2) air filtration
3) exchange of gases aka respiration
other things respiratory system has roles in
vocalization, sense of smell. body's pH regulation
structures in the respiratory system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
what happens to air as it goes from outside the body to the lungs
air is filtered so it has no debris
air is warmed to body temp
air is humidified and becomes saturated with water
nasal cavities aka fossae are composed of what
none and cartilage
nasal septum
a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections of left and right fossae
vestibule
most external part of nasal cavity just inside the nostrils
vestibule lining
skin continuation from the face and vissibrae
Vibrissae
short thick hairs that help filter for the respiratory tract aka nose hairs
nasal conchae or folds
increase the surface area of nasal cavity to aid in warming and humidification of incoming air
why is the nasal cavity highly vascularized
to warm incoming air
Three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
connection between nasal cavity and pharynx - superior region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate
Eustachian tube
connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air
oropharynx
central portion of the pharynx caudal to the mouth and anterior to the epiglottis
laryngopharynx
inferior part of the pharynx connecting the pharynx to the opening into the larynx and esophagus
what separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in the mouth
the hard and soft palates
hard palate
roof of the mouth
aspiration
when food or liquid accidentally enters the trachea
may cause pneumonia
Pharynx
passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
advantages of shared passageway of the pharynx
1) air can enter through the mouth when nasal cavity is obstructed
2) allows for relatively normal breathing while eating
3) greater air intake during heavy exercise that requires more gas exchange
soft palate
the muscular posterior portion of the palate that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
glottis
an opening in the larynx where vocal folds are located
Larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
vocal folds (true vocal cords)
at the edges of the glottis and embedded in mucous membranes
flexible and pliable bands of connective tissue that vibrate with expelled air to create sound (speech)
single cartilages
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
epiglottis
a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe/larynx
thyroid cartilage
Adam's apple
larger in males
paired cartilages
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
expectorate
cough or spit out phlegm from the throat or lungs
pneumonia
An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
lies posterior to the larynx and trachea
Bronchi
the branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.
the two main ones enter left and right lungs
they further divide
what happens as bronchial tubes divide and subdivide
they get thinner and the cartilaginous rings aren't present
two main (primary) bronchi
divides into lobar (secondary) bronchi
lobar (secondary) bronchi
3 on the right and 2 on the left each supplying one lung lobe
divides into tertiary bronchi and are then bronchioles when at 1mm diameter
Bronchioles
Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli
interface b/w conducting and respiratory portions of system
terminal bronchioles
smallest air conducting bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
branches of the terminal bronchioles that subdivide into several alveolar ducts
transitional zone concerned with air conduction and gas exchange
extends from the ends of respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and single alveoli [Show Less]