Write a few sentences that explain what limits an individual cell from becoming more complex.
Bimolecular machinery and division of labor
The
... [Show More] paramecium discussed in class contained an organelle called the contractile vacuole. This is the presumed precursor of the:
Kidney
In cell Biology what can limit the progress of science?
Technology
True or False: In you own multicellular body, cells with different functions have different DNA
False
In order to examine cells which are smaller than can be detected by the human senses what needs to be used?
Technology
True or False: The contractile vacuole of the paramecium is possibly an evolutionary precursor of the kidney
True
A single celled organism:
Has limited amount of bimolecular machinery; must find food, shelter, mate, and reproduce
What limits the paramecium from acquiring more complex functions:
The paramecium's bimolecular machinery limits cell growth
True or False: In you own multicellular body, different cells in your body have a division of labor between them
True
Compared to bacteria which of the cell below are not responsible for finding food:
Lymphocyte, Macrophage, fibroblast
True or False: A cancer cell will be anchorage-dependent for growth and immortal
False
Comparing a single-celled eukaryotic organism with a multicellular organism such as yourself identify the major difference
Division of Labor
True or False: A cell that is anchorage-dependent for growth will also exhibit contact inhibition
True
A cell that is itself an organism must have the minimum of what needs?
Food, shelter, mate, reproduce
True or False: A paramecium swims by way of using flagella
False
True or False: A normal cell is anchorage-dependent for growth and mortal
True
True or False: The end of the retraction fiber touching the cell culture plate still contain the cell equivalent of super glue
True
True or False: It is presumed that the peroxisomes evolved in these primitive proto-eukaryotes to remove oxygen, which was toxic to the primitive cells
True
After a cell is pancake shaped in a cell culture dish, the order of events that occurs as a cell walks is:
Filopodia, lamellipodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber
Why is it important to know the limitations of technology?
It is important to know the limitations of technology because knowing those limitations allows for new growth and development within technology.
True or False: The ancient earth did not contain much oxygen
True
True or False: A normal cell is mortal and anchorage dependent
Ture
True or False: Loss of the cell wall was required for the endomembrane system theory
True
True or False: TEM provides a thin, 2D section of the object being studied
True
True or False: Fluorescence microscopy is a form of light microscopy
True
True or False: When cancer cells are crowded by surrounding cells, the cancer cells become spherical and they can still go through cell division
True
What are the limitations of cell culture technique?
1) Not all cells grow in culture
2) Cells loose their histocyte - and 3D structure of the tissue is challenged
3) metabolism likely changes
True or False: The cytoskeleton enabled the primitive cell to become motile
True
What limits how big the cell can be?
The surface to volume ratio
Motility improved the fitness of these early cells because:
It allowed them to move away from predators and towards food
True or False: DNA in extant prokaryotic cells in circular
True
True or False: The presumed 1st step in the transition of the primitive, proto-prokaryotic cell into the primitive, proto eukaryotic cell was the loss of the cell wall
True
True or false: Loss of the cell wall is required for the endosymbiotic theory
True
True or False: In an extant prokaryotic cell, the outer boundary of life is the capsule
False
True or False: Ribosomes bound to some of the membrane invaginations in the endomembrane theory
True
True or False: The cytoskeleton gave rise to the nuclear envelope
False
The association of ribosomes with membrane investigations would support the _______________________.
Endomembrane theory
Explain the evolutionary origin of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.
Due to the endomembrane theory these organelles are though to have formed from invaginations in the plasma membrane.
Amino Acids can be largely subdivided into two groups. What are the two groups?
hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Hydrophilic amino acids can be subdivided into basic, acidic, and neutral. Basic amino acids contribute a positive charge to the protein whereas acidic residues provide a negative charge. Neutral polar residues have side chains that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
Hydrophobic amino acids may be subdivided into that are aliphatic and those containing aromatic rings. Amino acids contain aromatic rings are largely structural in function except for tyrosine which has a hydroxyl group. [Show Less]